全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5372篇 |
免费 | 267篇 |
国内免费 | 702篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 213篇 |
废物处理 | 42篇 |
环保管理 | 1115篇 |
综合类 | 2427篇 |
基础理论 | 1182篇 |
环境理论 | 2篇 |
污染及防治 | 174篇 |
评价与监测 | 185篇 |
社会与环境 | 874篇 |
灾害及防治 | 127篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 38篇 |
2023年 | 93篇 |
2022年 | 173篇 |
2021年 | 148篇 |
2020年 | 176篇 |
2019年 | 147篇 |
2018年 | 148篇 |
2017年 | 228篇 |
2016年 | 229篇 |
2015年 | 214篇 |
2014年 | 194篇 |
2013年 | 352篇 |
2012年 | 303篇 |
2011年 | 362篇 |
2010年 | 331篇 |
2009年 | 239篇 |
2008年 | 259篇 |
2007年 | 349篇 |
2006年 | 350篇 |
2005年 | 269篇 |
2004年 | 263篇 |
2003年 | 229篇 |
2002年 | 173篇 |
2001年 | 172篇 |
2000年 | 136篇 |
1999年 | 137篇 |
1998年 | 92篇 |
1997年 | 66篇 |
1996年 | 89篇 |
1995年 | 54篇 |
1994年 | 46篇 |
1993年 | 49篇 |
1992年 | 32篇 |
1991年 | 45篇 |
1990年 | 26篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 20篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 13篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有6341条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
21.
本文研究了湖南省中亚热带次生林的种群动态,建立了静态生命表、存活曲线、结构模型以及材积或生物量动态模型,提出了中亚热带次生林的演替基本模式。 相似文献
22.
23.
明确了建设用地土壤污染状况调查监管的对象,分析了我国现阶段调查监管存在的监管力量不足、从业门槛不明确、实时监管措施缺乏等问题.结合国内外调查工作监管经验和近年苏州工业园区调查监管的探索实践,提出了鼓励引导相关利益方参与调查监管、建立健全从业人员和机构监管制度、引入监理机制、推进信息化过程管理等对策建议. 相似文献
24.
Guoyi Zhou Ge Sun Xu Wang Chuanyan Zhou Steven G. McNulty James M. Vose Devendra M. Amatya 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2008,44(1):208-221
Abstract: It is critical that evapotranspiration (ET) be quantified accurately so that scientists can evaluate the effects of land management and global change on water availability, streamflow, nutrient and sediment loading, and ecosystem productivity in watersheds. The objective of this study was to derive a new semi‐empirical ET modeled using a dimension analysis method that could be used to estimate forest ET effectively at multiple temporal scales. The model developed describes ET as a function of water availability for evaporation and transpiration, potential ET demand, air humidity, and land surface characteristics. The model was tested with long‐term hydrometeorological data from five research sites with distinct forest hydrology in the United States and China. Averaged simulation error for daily ET was within 0.5 mm/day. The annual ET at each of the five study sites were within 7% of measured values. Results suggest that the model can accurately capture the temporal dynamics of ET in forest ecosystems at daily, monthly, and annual scales. The model is climate‐driven and is sensitive to topography and vegetation characteristics and thus has potential to be used to examine the compounding hydrologic responses to land cover and climate changes at multiple temporal scales. 相似文献
25.
Ge Sun Changqing Zuo Shiyu Liu Mingliang Liu Steven G. McNulty James M. Vose 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2008,44(5):1164-1175
Abstract: Natural forests in southern China have been severely logged due to high human demand for timber, food, and fuels during the past century, but are recovering in the past decade. The objective of this study was to investigate how vegetation cover changes in composition and structure affected the water budgets of a 9.6‐km2 Dakeng watershed located in a humid subtropical mountainous region in southern China. We analyzed 27 years (i.e., 1967‐1993) of streamflow and climate data and associated vegetation cover change in the watershed. Land use/land cover census and Normalized Difference of Vegetation Index (NDVI) data derived from remote sensing were used to construct historic land cover change patterns. We found that over the period of record, annual streamflow (Q) and runoff/precipitation ratio did not change significantly, nor did the climatic variables, including air temperature, Hamon’s potential evapotranspiration (ET), pan evaporation, sunshine hours, and radiation. However, annual ET estimated as the differences between P and Q showed a statistically significant increasing trend. Overall, the NDVI of the watershed had a significant increasing trend in the peak spring growing season. This study concluded that watershed ecosystem ET increased as the vegetation cover shifted from low stock forests to shrub and grasslands that had higher ET rates. A conceptual model was developed for the study watershed to describe the vegetation cover‐streamflow relationships during a 50‐year time frame. This paper highlighted the importance of eco‐physiologically based studies in understanding transitory, nonstationary effects of deforestation or forestation on watershed water balances. 相似文献
26.
Coupling a 3D patch model and a rockfall module to assess rockfall protection in mountain forests 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Woltjer M Rammer W Brauner M Seidl R Mohren GM Lexer MJ 《Journal of environmental management》2008,87(3):373-388
Many forests in the Alps are acknowledged for protecting objects, such as (rail) roads, against rockfall. However, there is a lack of knowledge on efficient silvicultural strategies and interventions to maintain these forests at optimal protection level. Therefore, assessment tools are required that quantify the rockfall protection effect of forest stands over time, and thereby provide the ability to evaluate the necessity and effect of management interventions. This paper introduces such a tool that consists of a 3D rockfall module embedded in the patch based forest simulator PICUS. The latter is extended for this study with a new regeneration module. In a series of experiments the new combined simulation tool is evaluated with regard to parameter sensitivity, model intercomparison experiments with recently proposed algorithms from the literature, and the ability to respond realistically to different management regimes in rockfall protection forests. Results confirm the potential of the new tool for realistic simulation of rockfall activity in heterogeneous mountain forests, but point at the urgent need to improve the knowledge base on the interaction of understory and rockfall activity. Further work will focus on model validation against empirical rockfall data, and include reduced tree vitality due to damage from boulder collisions as well as the explicit consideration of downed dead wood. 相似文献
27.
De Schrijver A Staelens J Wuyts K Van Hoydonck G Janssen N Mertens J Gielis L Geudens G Augusto L Verheyen K 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,153(2):295-303
This paper compares different vegetation types (coniferous and deciduous forest, grassed and pure heathland) in terms of input (throughfall deposition) and output (seepage flux) in a region with intermediate nitrogen load (+/-20kg Nha(-1)y(-1) via bulk precipitation) in comparable conditions in north Belgium. Coniferous forest (two plots Pinus sylvestris and two plots Pinus nigra) received significantly higher nitrogen and sulphur throughfall deposition than deciduous forest and heathland. Grassed and pure heathland had significantly highest throughfall quantities of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+), respectively. The observed differences in throughfall deposition between the different vegetation types were not univocally reflected in the ion seepage flux. Considerable seepage fluxes of NO(3)(-), SO(4)(2-), Ca(2+) and Al(III) were only found under the P. nigra plots. We discuss our hypothesis that the P. nigra forests already evolved to a situation of N saturation, while the other vegetation types did not. 相似文献
28.
29.
随着城市人口的急剧增加,城市建筑规模迅速膨胀,大量热源集中排放,产生了城市内部温度明显高于郊区的特殊城市气候现象,即“热岛效应”.以安徽省芜湖市为研究区域,采用GIS叠加分析方法、缓冲区分析方法进行地表辐射亮温与土地覆盖类型的相关性研究.研究结果表明,辐射亮温与地表类型有明显的相关关系,建筑与辐射亮温的相关系数为0.87,植被、水体与辐射亮温的相关系数分别为0.59、0.78.人工建筑因素是产生热岛效应的主要原因之一,加大植被、水体在城市土地用地中的比重,是控制城市热岛效应行之有效的方法,而且利用辐射亮温图可很好地指示城市土地覆盖类型在时间上和空间上的变化. 相似文献
30.
嘉兴农村不同土地利用方式下沟渠底泥中的氮磷形态分布特征 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
沟渠是农田氮、磷营养物质排入地表水体的通道. 对嘉兴大田、集约化菜地、集约化果园、集约化养殖场4种土地利用方式下的农村沟渠0~5 cm表层底泥氮、磷的形态分布特征进行了研究. 结果表明:67个沟渠底泥样品的w(全氮)为1 560~7 480 mg/kg,其中w(交换态氮)为31.15~704.38 mg/kg,占w(全氮)的1.29%~10.01%;交换态氮中以铵态氮为主,占w(交换态氮)的62.15%~100%. 沟渠底泥样品的w(全磷)为580~6 420 mg/kg,w(碳酸氢钠溶解磷)为19.53~359.72 mg/kg,占w(全磷)的2.05%~18.96%;w(水溶性磷)为0.29~18.88 mg/kg,占w(碳酸氢钠溶解磷)的1.11%~14.63%. 土地利用方式对沟渠底泥氮、磷的形态分布有显著影响(P<0.01),集约化养殖场沟渠底泥中的w(全氮), w(交换态氮),w(铵态氮), w(硝态氮), w(交换态氮)/w(全氮), w(全磷), w(水溶性磷), w(碳酸氢钠溶解磷)均显著高于其他土地利用方式. 底泥w(全氮), w(交换态氮), w(铵态氮)和w(硝态氮)两两间以及w(全磷), w(水溶性磷), w(碳酸氢钠溶解磷)两两间均在α0.01时显著相关,w(全磷)与w(碳酸氢钠溶解磷)的相关性(r0.81,P<0.01)好于与w(水溶性磷)的相关性(r0.51,P<0.01). 相似文献