Soil erosion and non-point source pollution impacts assessment with the aid of multi-temporal remote sensing images

Soil erosion associated with non-point source pollution is viewed as a process of land degradation in many terrestrial environments. Careful monitoring and assessment of land use variations with different temporal and spatial scales would reveal a fluctuating interface, punctuated by changes in rainfall and runoff, movement of people, perturbation from environmental disasters, and shifts in agricultural activities and cropping patterns. The use of multi-temporal remote sensing images in support of environmental modeling analysis in a geographic information system (GIS) environment leading to identification of a variety of long-term interactions between land, resources, and the built environment has been a highly promising approach in recent years. This paper started with a series of supervised land use classifications, using SPOT satellite imagery as a means, in the Kao-Ping River Basin, South Taiwan. Then, it was designed to differentiate the variations of eight land use patterns in the past decade, including orchard, farmland, sugarcane field, forest, grassland, barren, community, and water body. Final accuracy was confirmed based on interpretation of available aerial photographs and global positioning system (GPS) measurements. Finally, a numerical simulation model (General Watershed Loading Function, GWLF) was used to relate soil erosion to non-point source pollution impacts in the coupled land and river water systems. Research findings indicate that while the decadal increase in orchards poses a significant threat to water quality, the continual decrease in forested land exhibits a potential impact on water quality management. Non-point source pollution, contributing to part of the downstream water quality deterioration of the Kao-Ping River system in the last decade, has resulted in an irreversible impact on land integrity from a long-term perspective.     

Analytical Solutions to the Linearized Boussinesq Equation for Assessing the Effects of Recharge on Aquifer Discharge1

Boggs, Kevin G., Robert W. Van Kirk, Gary S. Johnson, Jerry P. Fairley, and P. Steve Porter, 2010. Analytical Solutions to the Linearized Boussinesq Equation for Assessing the Effects of Recharge on Aquifer Discharge. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(6):1116–1132. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00479.x Abstract: There is a need to develop a general understanding of how variations in aquifer recharge are reflected in discharge. Analytical solutions to the linearized Boussinesq equation governing flow in an unconfined aquifer provide a unified mathematical framework to quantify relationships among lag time, attenuation and distance between aquifer recharge and discharge and the effect of an up-gradient no-flow boundary. We applied this framework to three types of recharge: (1) instantaneous, (2) periodic, and (3) constant rate for a finite duration. When the temporal scale of recharge exceeds the diffusive aquifer time scale, recharge will be reflected in discharge quickly and with little attenuation. When aquifer time scale is large, most recharge events are shorter in scale than that of the aquifer, resulting in large attenuation. Attenuation is more sensitive to boundary effects than lag time, and boundary effects increase as recharge time scale increases. Boundary effects can often be ignored when the recharge source is farther than 1/3 of the domain length away from the no-flow boundary. We illustrate analytical results with application to the economically critical Eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer in Idaho. In this aquifer, detectable annual and decadal cycles in discharge can result from recharge no farther than 20 and 60 km away from the discharge point, respectively. The effects of more distant, long-term recharge can be detected only after a time lag of several decades.     

我国农业面源污染的控制与管理研究

主要通过我国污染源普查和2013年环境公报介绍了我国农业面源污染的现状,并从土壤侵蚀、农业化肥及农药、畜禽粪尿污染、农村生活污水和固体废弃物垃圾、大气干湿沉降、航运污染等方面介绍了我国污染源农业面源污染的成因,结合对土地利用方式、农业活动和田间管理、畜禽粪便及垃圾污染、社会经济因素等农业面源污染的影响因素的分析,分别从技术措施、法律措施和经济措施3方面入手提出了我国面源污染的控制和管理措施。     

粤港澳大湾区污染场地土壤风险管控制度体系建设与思考

防范污染场地环境风险和保障人居环境安全是粤港澳大湾区建设世界级城市群面临的重要挑战和工作内容之一.由于粤港澳在政治制度和土地管理等方面的差异,以及珠三角9市内部城市化水平、产业结构以及环境管理能力的差别,大湾区各地污染场地风险管控模式有明显的差异,分析粤港澳大湾区典型城市污染场地风险管控特点,对加强污染场地风险管控技术交流与合作,优化大湾区污染场地风险管控制度具有重要意义.本文在简述我国污染场地风险管控制度体系的基础上,重点介绍了广州、深圳、东莞、香港和澳门的污染场地风险管控制度体系、监管对象、污染评估与整治程序等的特点,对其风险管控制度体系进行了分析与对比,并针对土地规划、政策反馈、信息公开及联盟机制探索等提出了思考与建议.总体来看,香港及珠三角部分地市构建了行之有效的污染场地风险管控制度体系,且体现了一定的地方特点,但随着污染场地的进一步开发再利用,打造粤港澳大湾区世界级城市群的建设目标将对污染场地风险管控策略的安全性、精细化和时效性等提出更高的要求,互相借鉴和充分学习,加强大湾区2区9市污染场地风险管控上的技术交流与合作,是实现大湾区污染场地安全再利用与高效开发的有效路径.     

关注危险化学品企业绿色物流的储运安全

阐述了危险化学品物流安全储运的特点及事故危害,分析了危险化学品企业物流中的安全隐患及经济发展对危险化学品企业物流的安全储运提出的新要求,指出要用安全科学为物流科学保驾护航,以及危险化学品企业绿色物流安全储运的技术措施。     

“五想五不干”安全理念应用实践

介绍了“五想五不干”提示卡的内容、使用方法、流程及其作为安全文化工具在中海油的应用。     

2010年广州亚运会期间灰霾天气分析

使用广州地区气象资料,重点研究了 2010 年广州亚运会期间的灰霾天气特征. 结果发现,2010 年 11 月广州出现灰霾天气 5 d,较近年平均水平明显偏少,但 2008—2010 年的污染气象条件分析表明,2010 年的扩散条件较 2008 和 2009 年均较差,说明 2010 年广州亚运会前期的各项减排措施取得了明显成效. 作为对照,自 20 世纪 80 年代初开始,广州地区的能见度急剧恶化并导致灰霾天数增加,每年 10 月至次年 4 月的旱季灰霾天数较多,改革开放以来,每年 11 月份的灰霾天气大幅增加,并于 1994 和1999 年分别出现了最多的17 d. 2000 年以后,11 月份灰霾天气最多为 12 d,出现在 2005 年; 最少为 3 d,分别出现在 2002 和 2003 年. 广州市空气质量逐年恶化的趋势不容乐观,珠江三角洲复合型新型空气污染日趋严重的态势非常严峻; 且区域性特征明显,治理难度加大; 广州周边的佛山、清远、东莞、江门的灰霾天气都比广州多,对广州治理灰霾天气形成了压力. 因而 2010 年 11 月灰霾天气的明显减少,更说明区域联动、机动车单双号限行、重点工业污染源调控、严控垃圾秸秆焚烧等减排措施效果明显.     

管式法高压聚乙烯装置的道化学火灾爆炸危险指数评价

运用道化学火灾爆炸危险指数评价方法,对Quantum管式法高压聚乙烯装置中多次出现泄漏火灾的聚合单元进行评价。对照装置实际分析了防火防爆缺陷因子,提出完善聚合单元的防火防爆措施。     

城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰利用处置现状及环境管理

随着城市生活垃圾的迅猛增加,生活垃圾焚烧飞灰产生量也与日俱增,2018年我国生活垃圾焚烧飞灰产生量达305.5万~509.2万t。其因含有较高浸出浓度的重金属和高毒性当量的二噁英等有毒有害物质,属于危险废物。根据生活垃圾焚烧飞灰特性,详细介绍了其资源化和无害化技术,总结了各类技术的优缺点;结合生活垃圾焚烧飞灰环境管理需求,分析了我国城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰在填埋处置管理体系不完善、利用处置过程标准规范缺失、处理处置技术有限等方面的具体原因;并提出强化城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰环境污染综合整治、强化飞灰污染防治的监督管理与研发、推广飞灰资源化利用技术等对策建议,以加强城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰环境管理,提高其资源化利用水平。     

京津冀地区流域水质目标管理技术集成研究

流域水质目标管理已成为发达国家水环境管理的主要模式。京津冀地区是海河流域的核心区域,也是国家生态环境保护的重点地区。针对京津冀地区水资源、水环境、水生态（简称“三水”）统筹系统管理中面临的水资源短缺和统筹调配能力不足、水环境污染严重和协同治理水平较弱以及水生态退化且稳定性趋向脆弱等问题,从“十一五”“十二五”及“十三五”国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（简称水专项）涉及到京津冀管理技术相关研究内容的项目及课题中提炼关键技术并进行集成,根据技术特点对集成技术从生态水量保障管理技术与政策,基于水资源、水环境、水生态3个方面进行凝练,进一步构建京津冀地区“三水”统筹的流域水质目标管理集成技术体系框架。应用集成技术对京津冀地区重点流域水质目标管理思路的构建展开思考并提出工作建议,以期支撑京津冀地区经济社会与生态环境保护协同发展新形势下水生态环境精细化管理能力提升。