模拟酸雨影响下红壤中钴的释放行为研究

采用室内模拟酸雨淋溶土柱的方法,研究了酸雨影响下红壤中钴的释放特征与规律.结果表明,酸雨加速了红壤中钴的淋溶损失.酸雨作用下红壤中钴的释放随淋溶量的变化具有阶段性特点,但不同土壤之间其阶段性特点存在一定的差异.在实验所施的淋溶强度下,供试的4种红壤中有3种表现为前期阶段减小和后期阶段增大的规律性,1种表现为前期阶段减小,中期阶段增大和后期阶段减小的规律性.酸雨对红壤中钴释放的促进作用,在短期内有利于提高红壤钴的可给性,但长期的酸雨淋溶可导致红壤因钴的加速淋失而缺钴.      

衡阳大气硫同位素组成环境意义的研究

1996-1997年度衡阳大气硫同位素监测结果是:大气降水δ(34S)均值为6.12‰,大气二氧化硫δ(34S)均值为-3.48‰,大气气溶胶δ(34S)均值为10.73‰.数值体系较好地符合硫同位素分馏规律,研究认为,该地大气环境受西南气流影响甚微,北方南下气流进一步推断为作用该地大气硫的主因;生物硫源对降水硫影响不容忽视;衡阳与珠江三角洲及粤北城市硫同位素监测结果均不支持降水硫同位素区域分异学说.      

典型酸雨地区森林土壤中不同形态铝的分析

对2个典型酸雨地区森林土壤样品中不同形态的铝进行了检测,结果表明:两地土壤中无定形铝和有机结合铝占主导地位,弱有机结合铝和可交换铝的含量相对较低(约为10%).有机配位体会减弱铝的交换能力,而且这些有机铝配合物大部分是强有机结合态铝;Al3+对其他碱基阳离子有较强的置换能力.土壤的酸度增大,可交换铝和弱有机结合铝的含量增高,不同土层中可交换铝和弱有机结合铝的垂直变化与相应的pH变化相一致.用复合草酸铵法提取无定形和有机态铝的方法机理尚待进一步研究.      

苯基周位酸生产废水处理试验研究

采用CHA－111大孔吸附树脂对苯基周位酸生产过程排放的汽提苯胺盐析废水和苯基周位酸酸析母液进行处理试验,效果良好。汽提苯胺盐析废水苯胺质量浓度＞1600mg／L,经树脂吸附处理后苯胺质量浓度＜2mg／L,苯胺去除率＞99．9％,COD去除率＞97％,树脂工作吸附量达120g／L,脱附率＞98％;苯基周位酸酸析母液经树脂吸附、混凝沉淀处理后,苯基周位酸质量浓度＜190mg／L,苯基周位酸去除率为94．8％,COD去除率为94．3％,氨基值去除率为80％,脱附率＞99％。     

柠檬酸清洁生产工艺的研究

分析了传统檬酸生产工艺存在的污染问题,提出了在柠檬酸生产过程中采用清洁生产技术的各种途径。     

钛白废酸固液分离与综合利用

介绍了湖南株洲化工集团有限责任公司钛白废酸固液分离与综合利用工艺。将钛白废酸固液分离后得到的清废酸用作磷肥生产用硫酸稀释液、钛白酸解工序硫酸稀释液和板框浸取液,取得了较好的经济效益和环境效益。     

柠檬酸生产废水处理技术

分析了柠檬酸生产废水的来源及水质特性,综述了厌氧生物法、厌氧-好氧生物组合法、乳状液膜法等在柠檬酸废水处理中的应用,介绍了中和废水回用和利用柠檬酸发酵废液开发糖化酶制剂的技术。     

PTA废液回收利用技术

介绍了从精对苯二甲酸（PTA）废液中回收醋酸,邻、对苯二甲酸,醋酸钴锰盐的回收工艺。醋酸得率为90％,邻、对苯二甲酸得率为70％,醋酸钴锰盐得率为95％。该技术成熟、合理,具有较好的经济效益和环境效益。     

Comparative Biodegradation Study of Starch- and Polylactic Acid-Based Materials

The degradation of starch- and polylactic acid-based plastic films by microorganisms extracted from compost was studied in a liquid medium. The various degradation products produced were measured throughout the duration of the experiment, and total carbon balances were estimated. For an easily biodegradable material, the evolution of the way carbon repartitioned between different degradation products was quite similar whatever the experimental condition or the type of substrate. On the other hand, for a resistant material exposed to these microorganisms, the nature of the biodegradation depended strongly on the experimental conditions. In the latter case, a differential scanning calorimetry analysis confirmed the importance of the applied norm on the state of the residual material. The consequences for improved methods of estimation of biodegradability of these materials are discussed.     

Application of a Second-Order Kinetic Model to a Complex Melt Polymerization Reaction

A novel copolymer system has been synthesized using methyl hydroquinone diacetate (MHQDA), 1,4 naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (1,4 NDCA), and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) using the melt polymerization technique. The optimum kinetic parameters pertinent to this system are reported in this study. A simple second-order reaction sequence summarizes catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions between MHQDA, 1,4 NDCA, and PBT. The kinetic parameters for the copolymerization reaction were determined using a new second-order model. This technique was used to compute the moles of acetic acid generated in the polymerization process. The model was compared to that of the experimentally determined data. Close comparison (percentage error of less than 5%) was obtained between the experimental and theoretical data. The kinetic data support block copolyester formation. The thermal data also supports formation of block polymers.