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311.
Parkpian P Leong ST Laortanakul P Juntaramitree J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2002,74(1):27-43
This study reported the test done on ash-sludge mixture foramendment of soil in pot experiments. Ash-sludge mixture ratiostudies revealed that 1:5 fly ash-sludge mixture and 1:10 bottom ash-sludge mixture were the optimum mixture ratio thatminimized toxic element and provided sufficient nutrients. Experiments indicated that ash-sludge mixtures is more suitablefor amendment of acid soil than neutral soil which can increasesoil pH and reduce available heavy metal toxicity. The maximumheavy metal adsorption occurred in a pH range of 4 to 6 for allsoil studied. The finding also revealed that fly ash applicationseemed more effective than bottom ash, due to its higher loadingrate and metal contents. Heavy metal toxicity was monitored usingseed germination test. Marigold and tomato seeds were the two crops selected for this test. Seed germination test result showsthat percentage of seed germination increased in pot experimentswith sludge only and ash-sludge mixtures. In addition, higherpercentages of seed germination were observed to vary with longer incubation time (1–8 weeks). After week 12 of the incubation period, percentage of seed germination began to decline, as a result of reduced soil pH and release of toxic heavy metals. 相似文献
312.
We provide an overview of research related to environmental effects of disposal of coal combustion residues (CCR) in sites in the United States. Our focus is on aspects of CCR that have the potential to negatively influence aquatic organisms and thehealth of aquatic ecosystems. We identify major issues of concern, as well as areas in need of further investigation.Intentional or accidental release of CCR into aquatic systemshas generally been associated with deleterious environmental effects. A large number of metals and trace elements are presentin CCR, some of which are rapidly accumulated to high concentrations by aquatic organisms. Moreover, a variety of biological responses have been observed in organisms following exposure to and accumulation of CCR-related contaminants. In some vertebrates and invertebrates, CCR exposure has led to numerous histopathological, behavioral, and physiological (reproductive, energetic, and endocrinological) effects. Fish kills and extirpation of some fish species have been associatedwith CCR release, as have indirect effects on survival and growth of aquatic animals mediated by changes in resource abundance or quality. Recovery of CCR-impacted sites can be extremely slow due to continued cycling of contaminants withinthe system, even in sites that only received CCR effluents forshort periods of time. The literature synthesis reveals important considerations for future investigations of CCR-impacted sites. Many studies have examined biological responses to CCR with respect to Se concentrations and accumulation because of teratogenic andreproductively toxic effects known to be associated with thiselement. However, the complex mixture of metals and traceelements characteristic of CCR suggests that biologicalassessments of many CCR-contaminated habitats should examine avariety of inorganic compounds in sediments, water, and tissuesbefore causation can be linked to individual CCR components. Most evaluations of effects of CCR in aquatic environments havefocused on lentic systems and the populations of animalsoccupying them. Much less is known about CCR effects in loticsystems, in which the contaminants may be transported downstream,diluted or concentrated in downstream areas, and accumulated bymore transient species. Although some research has examinedaccumulation and effects of contaminants on terrestrial and avianspecies that visit CCR-impacted aquatic sites, more extensiveresearch is also needed in this area. Effects in terrestrial orsemiaquatic species range from accumulation and maternal transferof elements to complete recruitment failure, suggesting that CCReffects need to be examined both within and outside of theaquatic habitats into which CCR is released. Requiring specialattention are waterfowl and amphibians that use CCR-contaminatedsites during specific seasons or life stages and are highlydependent on aquatic habitat quality during those periods.Whether accidentally discharged into natural aquatic systems or present in impoundments that attract wildlife, CCR appears topresent significant risks to aquatic and semiaquatic organisms. Effects may be as subtle as changes in physiology or as drasticas extirpation of entire populations. When examined as a whole,research on responses of aquatic organisms to CCR suggests thatreducing the use of disposal methods that include an aquaticslurry phase may alleviate some environmental risks associatedwith the waste products. 相似文献
313.
试验了用非全量消解—悬浮液直接进样火焰原子吸收光谱法测定煤灰中的铜和铅,结果表明:铜和铅的方法检出限(3σ)分别为0.038mg/L和0.23mg/L,测定吸光度与其浓度的线性范围均为0.5mg/L—5.0mg/L,样品加标回收率在87%—97%之间,相对标准差(n=4)小于7%。 相似文献
314.
315.
Satoru Fujita Kenzi Suzuki Yasuo Shibasaki 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2002,4(1):41-45
In this study, an attempt was made to synthesize hydrogrossular, a group of garnet minerals, under hydrothermal conditions
at temperatures below 180°C, using coal ash, which is the solid waste from thermal power plants, as a starting material. A
single phase corresponding to hydrogrossular was found at around 120°C, and the hydrogrossular coexisted with 11-Å tobermorite
above 140°C. The hydrogrossular phase decreased with increasing reaction temperature, while that of 11-Å tobermorite increased
concurrently. The physicochemical properties of the hydrogrossular obtained from the hydrothermal synthesis was characterized
by X-ray diffraction thermogravimetry/differential thermal, analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.
Received: September 4, 2000 / Accepted: March 7, 2001 相似文献
316.
Leaching of soluble salts formed as the result of pyrite oxidation and primary mineral weathering is a major process in mine soil development. A microcosm experiment was designed to study leaching rates from mine soil columns under controlled laboratory conditions. Objectives of this experiment were to investigate the effect of leaching and the effect of fly ash amelioration on mid- to long-term chemical soil properties, and to test whether the results are qualitatively comparable to long-term field studies along a site chronosequence. The leaching experiment was conducted over a period of 850 days representing a kind of time-lapse picture due to high water fluxes. Leaching resulted in more favourable mid- to long-term properties of mine site topsoils, especially a reduced risk for acidity and salt stress. Ash amelioration decreases leaching rates by increasing pH and Al and Fe precipitation. It could be shown that the results of the column leaching studies are qualitatively in good agreement with field observations at least for long-term considerations. By enhancing the leaching process mid- to long-term chemical soil properties can be estimated. 相似文献
317.
曲靖电厂灰渣性质及其用作水泥混合材的试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在对粉煤灰及炉渣的主要物理、化学性质进行分析测试的基础上,对它们用作水泥混合材所表现出的性能及存在的问题进行了分析研究。 相似文献
318.
粉煤灰静电脱炭技术研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文介绍粉煤灰静电脱炭资源化利用技术的试验研究.利用YNDF-I型立式电场粉煤灰脱炭装置进行优化试验,提出电压、极板间距、摩擦分散器材料、粉尘浓度及气体流量等运行工艺特性参数与静电脱炭率的相关关系.试验结果表明,该立式电场脱炭装置在最优工艺参数条件下运行时,可使粉煤灰脱炭后的精灰含炭量降低到1.20%,脱炭率达86.74%,能够直接代替水泥用作建筑材料或修筑公路路面,具有较高的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益,为粉煤灰资源化利用提供了一种新的途径. 相似文献
319.
从浸提、干扰去除和显色3个方面对纳氏试剂分光光度法进行优化改进,建立了一种用于粉煤灰中氨氮测定的适宜方法,并利用浸提完全度和精密度实验对该方法了进行了评价。优化后的方法为:按固液比1∶10加入0.05 mol/L H_2SO_4振荡浸提30 min,再加入1.5 mL酒石酸钾钠溶液(500 g/L)和1.5 mL NaOH溶液(5 mol/L)去除金属离子干扰,最后加入1.5 mL纳氏试剂进行显色。粉煤灰浸提后残渣的蒸馏液中未检测出氨氮,说明浸提效果较为完全。同一样品的8次平行测定结果的相对标准偏差为6.10%,说明该方法稳定可靠。 相似文献
320.