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431.
测定分析了草木灰的孔隙结构、表面性质及化学组成,选择理化参数接近,空间构型不同的2种农药西维因和敌草隆作为吸附质,研究其在草木灰上吸附行为,结果表明两者在草木灰上吸附模式理截然不同,线性吸附方程及准一级动力学方程能够拟合平面型分子西维因的吸附等温线及动力学曲线,Freundlich吸附等温式及二级动力学方程吸附对非平面型分子敌草隆的等温线及动力学曲线拟合程度最高,说明平面型分子的吸附可能以简单的线性分配为主,而非平面型分子可能以多过程非线性吸附为主;等温线及动力学拟合参数显示,草木灰对平面型分子西维因的吸附量远大于非平面型分子敌草隆,说明吸附质分子的空间位阻效应是影响吸附的重要因素. 相似文献
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433.
Yanqing YU XiaoHang LI Xiaolan ZOU Xiaobin ZHU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,(1):54-61
A novel method for the synthesis of zeolite was developed in this paper. The synthesis was carried out by hydrothermal activation after alkali fusion and coal fly ash (CFA) was used as raw material with seawater of different salinities. Seawater salinity was varied from 32 to 88 for zeolite crystallization during the hydrothermal process. The results show that seawater salinity plays an important role in zeolite synthesis with CFA during hydrothermal treatment. The products were a mixture of NaX zeolite and hydroxysodalite; seawater salinity more strongly affected the crystallization than the type and chemical composition of the zeolites. The yield of CFA transformed into zeolite gradually rose with the increase in salinity, reaching a transformation rate of 48%--62% as the salinity increased from 32 to 88, respectively. The proposed method allows for the efficient disposal of by-products; therefore, the application of seawater in zeolite synthesis presents promising economic and ecological benefits. 相似文献
434.
Yanping HOU Kaiming LI Haiping LUO Guangli LIU Renduo ZHANG Bangyu QIN Shanshan CHEN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(1):137-143
Separator between anode and cathode is an essential part of the microbial fuel cell (MFC) and its property could significantly influence the system perfor- mance. In this study we used polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer membrane crosslinked with sulfosuccinic acid (SSA) as a new separator for the MFC. The highest power density of 7594-4 mW-m-2 was obtained when MFC using the PVA membrane crosslinked with 15% of SSA due to its desirable proton conductivity (5.16 x 10-2 S.cml). The power density significantly increased to 11064- 30 mW.m-2 with a separator-electrode-assembly config- uration, which was comparable with glass fiber (11704- 46 mW.m-2). The coulombic efficiencies of the MFCs with crosslinked PVA membranes ranged from 36.3% to 45.7% at a fix external resistance of lO00f2. The crosslinked PVA membrane could be a promising alter- native to separator materials for constructing practical MFC system. 相似文献
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436.
The effectiveness of gibbsite (GB), an amorphous aluminum oxide, for the recovery of Mo(VI) from eluates of fly ash of two coal-fired thermal power stations and of roof tile waste was investigated. Upon the qualitative analysis of an eluate of fly ash, 16 elements were detected. Greater amounts of these elements were eluted under acidic conditions (pH 2) than from the neutral or basic eluate of fly ash. GB was used for the adsorption of Mo(VI). Equilibrium adsorption was reached within 1?min. Optimal solution acidity for the adsorption of Mo(VI) onto GB400 (calcined at 400°C) was pH 2. The main adsorption mechanism was ion exchange with a number of hydroxyl groups of GB400. For repeated ad- and desorption of Mo(VI), GB400 could be used at least four times and the recovery percentage of Mo(VI) with sodium hydroxide solution as eluent surpassed 90%. Our results showed that GB400 was very effective for the recovery of Mo(VI) from fly ash. 相似文献
437.
Abstract Reef blocks made from stabilized oil ash were taken from the sea after five years in the ocean to examine the chemical behaviour of calcium. Experiments included (1) determination of the calcium leaching rate and a comparison with the rate for unexposed blocks to test the validity of a diffusion model for predicting long term (5 years) leaching rates, (2) determination of the effect of biological cover (shell) on the leaching rate, (3) determination of the leaching rate of the core of exposed reef blocks, (4) determination of the calcium content in ‘ring areas’ - regions of discoloration observed in sectioned exposed reef blocks, and (5) determination of the leachable fraction of the total calcium in exposed reef blocks. Results showed the presence of a pronounced calcium discontinuity zone located 3–7 cm from the outside surface of the reef blocks. Cumulated calcium release rates ranged from 2.81–3.14 μmol cm?2 day?1 for original unexposed reef blocks and the core of exposed (in the ocean for five years) blocks, respectively, to 0.47–0.50 μmol cm?2 day?1 for outside (facing sea water) surfaces of exposed reef blocks. Tank leaching studies also showed that the presence or absence of hard biological cover (shells) had little or no effect on the calcium release rate. the diffusion model normally used in modelling the chemical behaviour of calcium cannot be used to predict the long term (five years) leaching of calcium. the core of the exposed blocks released calcium at a rate similar to new, unexposed reef block material. Overall, it appears that the calcium discontinuity zone is probably responsible for restricting the release of calcium and hence the failure of the diffusion model. 相似文献
438.
Chih-Shin Shieh Yung-Liung Wei Iver W. Duedall Tsen C. Wang 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(1-4):247-258
Laboratory studies were conducted to determine leaching characteristics of waste-to-energy (WTE) residues in sea water to provide initial evaluation on the potential impact of WTE residues on the marine environment. Both loose and stabilized WTE residues were investigated for the leachability of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in sea water. Results of the study showed that loose WTE fly ash was very reactive in sea water; release of Pb and Cd occurred immediately (<0.5 hr) after the ash came in contact with sea water. Stabilization (treated with Portland cement and other additives), however, significantly reduced leaching of Cd and Pb. While ocean disposal of untreated WTE residues would not be advisable, utilization of stabilized WTE residues for beneficial uses should be investigated. 相似文献
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440.
在草坪生产过程中,以生活垃圾填埋场矿化垃圾作为农田土的替代物,既实现了矿化垃圾的资源化及垃圾填埋场的可持续利用,又避免了常规草坪生产中对农田的破坏。以粉煤灰为改良剂,对矿化垃圾进行改良,利用改良后的矿化垃圾为基质培养高羊茅。通过测试改良矿化垃圾的保水率、透水率以及高羊茅的株高、发芽率、鲜重、叶绿素等指标,分析了改良矿化垃圾作为高羊茅草坪生产用土的可行性。结果表明,在土壤指标方面,改良后的矿化垃圾保水率与透水率均有所下降,接近于普通农田土的水平;其pH值没有显著变化;但是可溶性盐含量明显降低,其中5∶5组可溶性盐含量降低了51.8%,改良最为明显。在植物指标方面,各改良组的株高均明显优于矿化垃圾组,其中4∶6组高羊茅的株高达到了改良前的117%;各改良组高羊茅的发芽率也明显高于改良前,其中4∶6组其发芽率达到了改良前的122%。改良后的矿化垃圾的物理、化学特性有明显改善,接近于农田土,可以替代农田土作为草坪的培养土。 相似文献