改性油页岩灰渣对水中镉离子的吸附性能

采用酸碱化改性方法对油页岩灰渣进行改性,确定最佳酸碱化方案,并研究了环境因素对改性油页岩灰渣吸附镉离子的影响。实验研究结果表明,油页岩灰渣经50%的HNO3和20%的NaOH处理时,对镉离子的吸附能力最强。在吸附温度为30℃,初始溶液pH为6～7条件下,0.6 g的改性油页岩灰渣对50 mg/L Cd2+溶液50 mL,吸附150 min时,其吸附率达到86%以上。在实验条件下,改性油页岩灰渣对Cd2+的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程,相关系数分别为0.9626和0.9944,其对Cd2+的理论饱和吸附量达到7.91 mg/g。改性油页岩灰渣对Cd2+的吸附主要归因于离子交换和表面吸附作用。     

粉煤灰和铁尾矿对烧结海泥多孔砖泛霜程度的影响

针对粉煤灰、铁尾矿2种不同特性工业废渣对烧结海泥多孔砖试样泛霜程度的影响进行了初步实验研究和分析。实验结果和分析表明,粉煤灰和铁尾矿分别等质量取代5%,10%,15%和20%海泥时,各配比原料土中可溶性硫酸根离子的质量浓度随粉煤灰和铁尾矿掺量的增加而减低,但粉煤灰的降低幅度远低于铁尾矿的降低幅度;经950℃烧结砖样中可溶性硫酸根离子的质量浓度均随粉煤灰和铁尾矿掺量增加而降低,对于粉煤灰来说该降低幅度几乎接近,对于铁尾矿来说则随铁尾矿增加而明显减小,且均远低于掺粉煤灰砖样。与粉煤灰相比,铁尾矿减轻烧结海泥多孔砖泛霜程度的有利因素更多。     

粉煤灰协同微波-Fenton氧化法处理活性艳蓝KN-R染料废水

以粉煤灰联合微波-Fenton氧化工艺处理活性艳蓝KN-R生产废水,考察了粉煤灰投加量及吸附时间对处理效果的影响,并通过正交实验对微波-Fenton工艺参数进行了优化。实验结果表明,粉煤灰絮凝吸附与微波-Fenton氧化具有协同效应;在粉煤灰投加量为40 g/L,搅拌吸附时间为20 min,滤液pH值为4,Fe2＋和H2O2投加量分别为3.6 mmol/L和0.15 mol/L,微波功率为200 W,辐射反应时间为4 min的优化条件下,染料废水的处理效果最好,COD和色度的去除率分别达到90.90%和99.98%。     

危险废物焚烧飞灰中重金属的稳定化处理

以上海市某危险废物焚烧厂飞灰为研究对象,采用Na2S、FeSO4、Na3PO4、和Na3C3N3S34种不同类型化学稳定药剂对飞灰进行了稳定化处理,并应用XRD、IR、SEM和连续化学提取法等仪器和手段对Na3C3N3S3处理焚烧飞灰的产物进行分析研究。研究结果表明,Na3C3N3S3对飞灰中的重金属Cr、Pb、Zn的稳定效果最好,Na3PO4对Cr无明显稳定效果。稳定后产物表面变得致密化,Na3C3N3S3与重金属离子生成的沉淀物干燥后无明显晶型存在。经稳定处理后飞灰中的重金属形态由弱酸提取态转化为可氧化态,减少了飞灰中重金属的浸出毒性。     

Al2O3含量对提铁后的钢渣及粉煤灰微晶玻璃结构与性能的影响

为了实现熔融态钢渣的“渣”和“热”高附加值双利用,提出了将熔融提铁后钢渣制备成高附加值微晶玻璃的研究思路。采用DTA、XRD、SEM和EDS等手段研究了Al2O3含量对提铁后钢渣微晶玻璃的影响,结果显示随Al2O3含量的增大微晶玻璃析晶温度逐渐升高,并且主晶相由假硅灰石转变为铝黄长石,最终转变为钙长石。Al2O3含量为15％时微晶玻璃的力学性能较好,其抗弯强度、显微硬度、抗压强度分别达到了49．85MPa、3．52GPa和181．47MPa,同时钢渣和粉煤灰的利用率分别高达56％和36％。     

The internal microstructure and fibrous mineralogy of fly ash from coal-burning power stations

Coal fly ash (CFA) is a significant environmental pollutant that presents a respiratory hazard when airborne. Although previous studies have identified the mineral components of CFA, there is a paucity of information on the structural habits of these minerals. Samples from UK, Polish and Chinese power stations were studied to further our understanding of the factors that affect CFA geochemistry and mineralogy. ICP-MS, FE-SEM/EDX, XRD, and laser diffraction were used to study physicochemical characteristics. Analysis revealed important differences in the elemental compositions and particle size distributions of samples between sites. Microscopy of HF acid-etched CFA revealed the mullite present possesses a fibrous habit; fibres ranged in length between 1 and 10 μm. Respirable particles (<10 μm) were frequently observed to contain fibrous mullite. We propose that the biopersistence of these refractory fibres in the lung environment could be contributing towards chronic lung diseases seen in communities and individuals continually exposed to high levels of CFA.     

粉煤灰处理阴离子表面活性剂废水及机理研究

采用粉煤灰作为吸附混凝剂,研究了粉煤灰对废水中阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠（SDS）的去除及机理。分析了粉煤灰投加量、吸附时间、pH值对废水中SDS去除率的影响,探讨了最佳条件下废水中SDS去除率,研究了粉煤灰动力学特征。结果表明,在200mL浓度50mg/L的SDS溶液中,调节pH值为13,加入70 g粉煤灰,搅拌20m in后,SDS的去除率为83.3%。粉煤灰对SDS的吸附符合Freund lich吸附等温式。     

Mitigation effects of silicon rich amendments on heavy metal accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) planted on multi-metal contaminated acidic soil

The mechanisms of stabilization by silicon-rich amendments of cadmium, zinc, copper and lead in a multi-metal contaminated acidic soil and the mitigation of metal accumulation in rice were investigated in this study. The results from a pot experiment indicated that the application of fly ash (20 and 40 g kg⁻¹) and steel slag (3 and 6 g kg⁻¹) increased soil pH from 4.0 to 5.0-6.4, decreased the phytoavailability of heavy metals by at least 60%, and further suppressed metal uptake by rice. Diffusion gradient in thin-film measurement showed the heavy metal diffusion fluxes from soil to solution decreased by greater than 84% after remediation. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the mobile metals were mainly deposited as their silicates, phosphates and hydroxides in amended treatments. Moreover, it was found metal translocation from stem to leaf was dramatically restrained by adding amendments, which might be due to the increase of silicon concentration and co-precipitation with heavy metals in stem. Finally, a field experiment showed the trace element concentrations in polished rice treated with amendments complied with the food safety standards of China. These results demonstrated fly ash and steel slag could be effective in mitigating heavy metal accumulation in rice grown on multi-metal contaminated acidic soils.     

下排气旋风分离器结构优化研究

下排气旋风分离器是一种新型的气固分离装置,但存在对细颗粒夹带严重,导致细颗粒分离效率稍低的现象.采用RNG k-ε湍流模型和拉格朗日坐标系下的离散相模型,对75 t/h循环流化床锅炉的下排气旋风分离器的气固两相流动进行数值研究并提出结构优化措施.结果表明,下排气旋风分离器进口改为减缩型、排气管位置下移并采用圆台入口,对...     

错流涡旋式高效固液分离器内固液两相流的数值模拟

介绍设计制作的一种新型错流涡旋式高效固液分离装备,利用离散相模型对其进行数值模拟,得到此分离装置的三维液相流场分布、离散相砂粒的运行轨迹以及砂粒的去除效率,明确了其沉淀特征。其结论对于优化错流涡旋式高效固液分离器的设计具有参考价值。