Synthesis of calcium phosphate hydrogel from waste incineration fly ash and its application to fuel cell

Waste incineration fly ash was successfully recycled to calcium phosphate hydrogel, a type of fast proton conductor. The crystallized hydrogel from incineration fly ash had a lower electric conductivity and a lower crystallinity than that from calcium carbonate reagent. However, the difference in electric conductivity between these crystallized hydrogels decreases with temperature. This was due to the presence of potassium in the incineration fly ash. The fuel cell with a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) using the calcium phosphate hydrogel membrane prepared from incineration fly ash was observed to generate electricity. The performance of this fuel cell was almost equal to that of a mixture of K₂CO₃ and CaCO₃ reagents; further, the performance of the former was superior to the fuel cell with a perfluorosulfonic polymer membrane at temperatures greater than approximately 85 °C.     

粉煤灰制聚合氯化铝铁和白碳黑新工艺

采用粉煤灰制备聚合氯化铝铁和白碳黑.该法共分一次酸浸、碱溶、焙烧、二次酸浸4个阶段.实验确定的最佳工艺条件为:一次酸浸阶段酸溶温度100℃,碱溶阶段m(氢氧化钠):m(活化高硅渣)=0.6,二次酸浸阶段m(碳酸钠):m(灰渣A)=0.8、盐酸质量分数20%.在此条件下Fe~(3+)和Al~(3+)的总浸出率分别为96.54%和86.67%.主要产品聚合氯化铝铁的质量符合GB15892-2003<水处理剂聚氯化铝>的标准;产品白碳黑的质量符合GBl0517-89<沉淀二氧化硅>的标准.     

化学激发循环流化床粉煤灰的研究

利用扫描电镜、激光粒度分析、X-衍射分析等测试手段,对循环流化床粉煤灰的理化性质和微观结构进行分析。比较了5种激发剂对循环流化床粉煤灰的激发效果,结果表明Na2SiO3·9H2O的激发效果最好。     

Preparation and characterization of carbon-enriched coal fly ash

Carbon-enriched fractions have been obtained from two coal fly ash (FA) samples. The FA came from two pulverized-coal fired power stations (Lada and Escucha, Spain) and were collected from baghouse filters. Sieving was used to obtain carbon-enriched fractions, which were further subjected to two beneficiation processes: acid demineralization using HCl and HF, and oil agglomeration using soya oil-water. Yield in weight after sieving, unburned carbon content, and several physicochemical characteristics of the obtained fractions were used to compare the performance of the beneficiation methods. Low carbon concentration was obtained by sieving, particularly in the case of Escucha FA. However, after acid demineralization or oil agglomeration, fractions containing unburned carbon in a range of 63% to 68% were obtained. These fractions showed differences in mineral phase composition and distribution depending on the FA and on the beneficiation method used. The textural properties of the obtained fractions varied as a function of their carbon content and the beneficiation method used. However, no significant differences in morphology of the carbonaceous particles were found.     

调质对垃圾焚烧飞灰烧结处理的影响

为提高经磷酸预处理后的焚烧飞灰在烧结处理过程中的烧结体机械强度,研究了添加SiO2或粉煤灰进行调质,其添加比例对烧结温度和烧结体性能的影响。同时进一步研究了利用硼酸钠作为助熔剂对焚烧飞灰烧结试验影响。结果表明,在烧结温度为1 150℃时,添加30%或者更低比例的SiO₂,或添加20%比例的粉煤灰,焚烧飞灰烧结体已经具有足够的抗压强度和致密化程度。添加5%的硼酸钠时,坯体烧结温度在1 050℃,而添加10%的硼酸钠时烧结温度可降低至980℃。     

不同释钾菌对粉煤灰的生态效应

粉煤灰治理难度大,但它含有植物生长必需的营养元素钾,将其就地资源化生物利用是一条较好的途径。释钾菌是一种能把矿物中的难溶性钾转化为有效钾的细菌,从土壤中筛选出2种释钾菌,经过在粉煤灰基质中的驯化培养,通过盆栽试验种植紫花苜蓿,比较不同菌株对粉煤灰的改良作用及其对植物生长的影响。结果表明,筛选出的菌株C6对粉煤灰中速效钾的释放效果明显,降低了基质pH,显著地促进了植物的生长,对粉煤灰生态修复具有重要意义。     

石灰-石膏-粉煤灰水泥浆体的水化机理研究

通过增钙法对粉煤灰水泥浆体的凝结时间、水化放热和力学性能的测定,以及采用差示热重分析、扫描电镜、X射线衍射,研究了在有石灰、石膏时不同掺量粉煤灰水泥浆体的水化机理。结果表明：早期水化性能弱,后期持久。随粉煤灰掺量增加,浆体的凝结时间延长,水化热减少,高掺超过40%时龄期强度下降明显;早期水化产物主要为：大量的水化硅酸钙凝胶(C-S-H）,未水化的硅酸钙（C₃S、 C₂S）,少量的钙矾石（AFt、 AFm）和氢氧化钙Ca(OH)₂,后期在石灰石膏的活性效应和填充效应的激发下,水化产物主要为：Ca(OH)₂、AFm。Ca(OH)₂与AFm及少量的C-S-H填充在水泥孔隙中且相互交联,改善了粉煤灰水泥浆体强度。     

改性粉煤灰降解亚甲基蓝溶液的实验研究

探讨以粉煤灰为戴体制备粉煤灰/TiO2复合物进行光催化降解亚甲基蓝试验.研究各种因素对亚甲基蓝光降解反应的影响,结果表明,当改性粉煤灰投加量为8g/L,亚甲基蓝浓度30 mg/L,高压汞灯250w条件下,在60min左右,亚甲基蓝降解率达到了95%以上.     

HBY—3—100型自动油水分离器在污水处理上的应用

ＨＢＹ－３－１００型自动油水分离器在乙烯加氢装置的应用，解决了原有隔油池收油不好，油气散发污染环境危害安全等隐串。经过１年多的运转证明效果良好，所收的油当年可回收人武部投资。环境效益、社会效益和经济和均起到较好的效果。     

表面活性剂改性沸石对水中酚类化合物吸附性能研究

使用表面活性剂对2种粉煤灰合成沸石进行改性处理,研究改性沸石对酚类化合物（苯酚、对氯酚和双酚A）的吸附特性.吸附试验结果表明,合成沸石经过阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性后,对酚类化合物的吸附性能均有大幅提升,吸附等温线模型均较符合Langmuir模型.2种改性沸石对酚类化合物（苯酚、对氯酚和双酚A）的Langmuir理论最大吸附量分别可达37.7、52.36、90.9 mg.g-1和10.71、22.83、56.8 mg.g-1.当溶液pH值高于酚类化合物的解离系数pKa时,吸附效果随pH升高而增加.结果还表明,酚类化合物的疏水性（辛醇/水分配系数Kow）越强,改性沸石的吸附能力也越高.