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排序方式: 共有322条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
241.
Daoud Ali Huma Ali Saud Alarifi Ali Al-Amer P. G. Kumar Sudhir Kumar 《Chemistry and Ecology》2017,33(2):171-179
The aquatic ecosystems are converting into the highly contaminated site due to environmental pollutants. The present study explores the oxidative stress and toxic potential of lead nitrate in freshwater snail Lymnaea luteola (L. luteola) L. The snails were exposed to an environmentally relevant concentration of lead nitrate for 24 and 96?h. Later exposure to lead nitrate (0, 10, 20 and 40?µg/mL) to the freshwater snail, the level of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide (NO) were increased and glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase were decreased. Lead-nitrate-induced haemocyte cell death and it was observed by using Annexin-V FITC/PI through a flow cytometer. DNA damage in haemocyte cells was measured at above doses of lead-nitrate exposure for 24 and 96?h and it was compared to the untreated snail. Average tail DNA (%) and olive tail moment in single-cell gel test were increased dose and duration fashion and maximum DNA damage was measured at 96?h. These results indicate the potential toxicity and genotoxicity of lead nitrate in acute treatment to L. luteola and single-cell gel test are the assay for rapid detection of genetic effects. 相似文献
242.
纳米SiO2与常规SiO2颗粒对Hela细胞的细胞毒性作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了探讨纳米SiO2和常规SiO2颗粒对Hela细胞的细胞毒性作用,采用不同浓度的纳米SiO2和常规SiO2颗粒(0.05、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6μg·μL-1)对Hela细胞进行12h染毒,应用MTT法检测细胞毒性效应.研究发现,较低浓度(≤0.2μg·μL-1)的纳米SiO2和常规SiO2对Hela细胞无明显细胞毒性(p>0.05);较高浓度时,纳米SiO2(≥0.4μg·μL-1)和常规SiO2(≥0.8μg·μL-1)对Hela细胞具有明显细胞毒性作用(p<0.01),并且随浓度增大细胞毒性增强;当浓度≥0.4μg·μL-1时,纳米SiO2的细胞毒性明显高于相同浓度的常规SiO2(p<0.05).以上结果表明,纳米SiO2和常规SiO2颗粒均能对Hela细胞产生细胞毒性,且纳米SiO2的细胞毒性强于常规SiO2;低浓度(≤0.2μg·μL-1)的纳米SiO2和常规SiO2具有很好的生物相容性. 相似文献
243.
Dorota Grabek-Lejko Kinga Tomczyk-Ulanowska 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(12):1089-1096
Seventeen natural sweeteners available on the Polish market were screened for total phenolic content, by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and for antioxidant activity, using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and the 2,2′-Azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical cation decolorization assay (ABTS·+). In addition, we analyzed antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus strains: both those susceptible and those resistant to methicillin (MRSA). The results of the study showed that total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity differ widely among different samples of sweeteners. Phenolic content, expressed as a gallic acid equivalent, ranged from 0 mg kg?1 in white, refined sugar, xylitol and wheat malt syrup to 11.4 g kg?1 in sugarcane molasses. Antioxidant activity was lowest in refined white sugar, xylitol, brown beet sugar, liquid fructose, and rape honey; it was average in spelt syrup and corn syrup, and highest in sugar cane, beet molasses, date and barley syrups. Despite the great variety of sweeteners, a strong correlation was noted between the concentration of phenolics and antioxidant properties, as determined by the ABTS·+ method (r = 0.97) and the FRAP assay (r = 0.77). The strongest antibacterial activity was observed in sugarcane molasses, which was lethal to S. aureus strains at 2 and 4% concentrations in medium for susceptible and MRSA strains respectively. Other sweeteners kill bacteria in 6–15% solutions, whereas some did not show any antibacterial activities against S. aureus strains, even at 20% concentrations. Due to their high antioxidant and antibacterial activities, some of the tested sweeteners have potential therapeutic value as supporting agents in antibiotic therapy. 相似文献
244.
Seong Gu Hwang Fumio Matsumura Hiromi Sasagawa 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(1):115-123
Abstract Most modern pesticides are expensive. Application of excessive dosage rates is likely to cause undesirable biological side‐effects and is economically wasteful. Non‐uniform distribution of the spray cloud, or application at the wrong time, may result in failure to control the pest. It is the responsibility of the field operator to acquire sufficient knowledge and skill to ensure proper use of the control agents, to increase efficiency of their usage and to reduce unwanted side‐effects. To achieve this goal, he must take into consideration the various physical factors that govern field performance of pesticides. A simple relationship exists between the spray volume and emission rate used, and droplet size produced. The use of extremely low spray volumes (i.e., those less than 2.0 litre per ha) for forest insect control in Canada, as opposed to higher volumes used in agriculture, necessitates the release of fine droplets (ranging from 20 to 70 μm in diameter) to obtain adequate coverage of the target area. These droplets take a long time to sediment downwards, evaporate in‐flight, become smaller in size and/or form powdery residues, thus contributing to off‐target drift and impaired droplet adhesion to target surfaces. Physical factors such as rain washing, degradation by sunlight and erosion by wind also influence the longevity of pesticide deposits on foliage which is crucial during the critical period of pest control. Factors affecting the mode of entry into insects are related to the type of ingredients used in formulation. If a pesticide acts via crawling contact, formulations which would provide surface deposits would be more beneficial than emulsions or oil‐based mixes which tend to undergo penetration into foliar cuticle. Physical factors that affect field performance of a pesticide tank mix are related to phase separation and ‘breakdown of emulsions’ in the application equipment; ‘agglomeration and caking’ of wettable powder dispersions at the bottom of the tank; impaired flow behaviour of highly viscous formulations; and coarse atomization of high‐viscosity tank mixes leading to poor target cover. 相似文献
245.
Klobučar GI Malev O Šrut M Štambuk A Lorenzon S Cvetković Ž Ferrero EA Maguire I 《Chemosphere》2012,87(1):62-67
Genotoxicity of freshwater pollution was assessed by measuring DNA damage in haemocytes of caged freshwater crayfish Astacus leptodactylus by the means of Comet assay and micronucleus test, integrated with the measurements of physiological (total protein concentration) and immunological (total haemocyte count) haemolymph parameters as biomarkers of undergone stress. Crayfish were collected at the reference site (River Mre?nica) and exposed in cages for 1 week at three polluted sites along the Sava River (Zagreb, Sisak, Krapje). The long term pollution status of these locations was confirmed by chemical analyses of sediments. Statistically significant increase in DNA damage measured by the Comet assay was observed at all three polluted sites comparing to the crayfish from reference site. In addition, native crayfish from the mildly polluted site (Krapje) cage-exposed on another polluted site (Zagreb) showed lower DNA damage than crayfish from the reference site exposed at the same location indicating adaptation and acclimatisation of crayfish to lower levels of pollution. Micronuclei induction showed similar gradient of DNA damage as Comet assay, but did not reach the statistical significance. Observed increase in total haemocyte count and total protein content in crayfish from polluted environments in the Sava River also confirmed stress caused by exposure to pollution. The results of this study have proved the applicability of caging exposure of freshwater crayfish A. leptodactylus in environmental genotoxicity monitoring using Comet assay and micronucleus test. 相似文献
246.
Sayuri Shimazu Yukiko Kawabata Akito Inayoshi Hideyuki Inui Hitoshi Ashida Hideo Ohkawa 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):741-749
Four expression plasmids for recombinant human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (hAhR) consisting of a ligand binding domain of hAhR, a DNA-binding domain of LexA and a transactivation domain of VP16 as well as β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter genes were constructed. All the expression plasmids were transformed into tobacco plants. The selected transgenic tobacco plants were used to assay. PCB congeners showed GUS activity in a TEF-dependent manner. The selected transgenic tobacco plant XhD4V17 was compared with the transgenic tobacco plants XmD4V26 and XgD2V23 containing recombinant mouse (m) AhR-mediated GUS reporter gene expression cassette and recombinant guinea pig (g) AhR-mediated GUS reporter gene expression cassette for PCB congener-inducible GUS activity. The data revealed that the tobacco plant XgD2V23 was the most active in PCB congener-inducible GUS activity. In a 1:1 mixture of PCB126 and PCB80 a reduced PCB126-induced GUS activity was observed in plant XgD2V23, which could possibly be due to interaction between PCB126 and PCB80. 相似文献
247.
Yi H. Liu Rong Xie Yi R. Guo Guo N. Zhu Fu B. Tang 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):475-483
The effectiveness of homologous and heterologous formats in a nanocolloidal gold-based immunoassay for pesticide residue determination was investigated. Parathion, one of the most toxic organophosphorus pesticides, was used as the target analyte. One-step homologous and heterologous test strips based on a nanocolloidal gold-labeled monoclonal antibody were developed for the rapid detection of parathion residues. The results showed that the heterologous format was more effective than the homologous format, being more sensitive, more specific to parathion and more tolerant of matrix interferences. The best competitive hapten was found to have a moderate heterology and the opposite electronic distribution to the immunizing hapten. The detection limits for parathion using the preferred heterologous strip were 1 μg/L in water samples and 5 μg/kg in soil and food samples. 相似文献
248.
Jae-Sung Rhee Bo-Mi Kim Chang-Bum Jeong Kenneth Mei Yee Leung Gyung Soo Park Jae-Seong Lee 《Chemosphere》2013
To utilize the GST-S protein as a useful biomarker for environmental contamination, we developed a polyclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the intertidal copepod Tigriopus japonicus. Two polyclonal antibodies, TJ-GST-S1 and TJ-GST-S2, were raised against two TJ-GST-S synthetic peptides. Also a recombinant TJ-GST-S protein was purified as a standard for ELISA development. Each polyclonal antibody was tested by Western blot analysis and indirect ELISA. Of two polyclonal antibodies, TJ-GST-S2 ELISA was further employed due to its wide range of detection and the limit of specificity compared to those of TJ-GST-S1 ELISA system. After exposure to 4 metals (Ag, As, Cd, and Cu) to T. japonicus, the amount of TJ-GST-S protein was significantly elevated in a concentration-dependent manner. Also, TJ-GST-S protein was upregulated at relative high concentrations of B[α]P, PCB, and TBT. In this paper, we suggest that T. japonicas ELISA for TJ-GST-S2 is useful as a potential indicator system for marine contaminants. 相似文献
249.
Yong Tang Jun-Jian Xiang Hong Wang Bin Liu Chang-Wei Guo 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(6):2074-108
One-step immunochromatographic assay (ICA) has been developed using colloidal gold-labeled monoclonal antibody probe for the rapid detection of lead ions in water samples. The ICA was based on the theory of competitive reactivity, and the results can be easily judged based on the presence or absence of a red colored test line with visual detection. Under optimal conditions, this method shows high detecting sensitivity with a LOD (limit of detection) of 50 ng/ml. Stability test indicates that the immunochromatographic strips are stable for 8 weeks at room temperature. During practical application, nanometer TiO2 is used to enrich the lead ions in water samples. The ICA is successfully applied in the measurement of lead ion concentrations in local water samples, and the results are highly consistent with that of ICP-MS. Detecting lead ions with ICA can be done within 4 min and is very useful for the rapid onsite testing. 相似文献
250.
As in vivo system, we propose Drosophila melanogaster as a useful model for study the genotoxic risks associated with nanoparticle exposure. In this study we have carried out a genotoxic evaluation of titanium dioxide (TiO2), zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles and their microparticulated forms in D. melanogaster by using the wing somatic mutation and recombination assay. This assay is based on the principle that loss of heterozygosis and the corresponding expression of the suitable recessive markers, multiple wing hairs and flare-3, can lead to the formation of mutant clones in treated larvae, which are expressed as mutant spots on the wings of adult flies. Third instar larvae were feed with TiO2, ZrO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles, and their microparticulated forms, at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 mM. Although a certain level of aggregation/agglomeration was observed in solution, it must be noted than the constant digging activity of larvae ensures that treated medium pass constantly through the digestive tract ensuring exposure. The results showed that no significant increases in the frequency of all spots (e.g. small single, large single, twin, total mwh and total spots) were observed, indicating that these nanoparticles were not able to induce genotoxic activity in the wing spot assay of D. melanogaster. Negative data were also obtained with the microparticulated forms. This indicates that the nanoparticulated form of the selected nanomaterials does not modify the potential genotoxicity of their microparticulated versions. These in vivo results contribute to increase the genotoxicity database on the TiO2, ZrO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles. 相似文献