Development of a sensitive,competitive, indirect ELISA for the detection of fumonisin B1 in corn originating from Anhui province,China

Fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) is a secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium verticillioides or Fusarium proliferatum, which present in food and feed. It causes hazardous effects on human and animal health. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) against FB₁ was produced and a simple, reliable and sensitive, competitive, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ci-ELISA) for detection of FB₁ was developed and the experiment conditions were optimized. The coating concentration of FB₁-ovalbumin (FB₁-OVA) was 500 ng mL^?1, the action concentrations of anti-FB₁ mAb and goat anti-mouse IgG were 1.28 × 10⁴ and 1:5000, respectively. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) was 11 ng mL^?1, with a detectable range of 1.25–250 ng mL^?1, and a limit of determination (LOD) of 1.15 ng mL^?1. The cross-reactivity (CR) of the antibody against fumonisin B₂ (FB₂) was 60.4, and <1% against deoxynivalenol (DON), aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), ochratoxin A (OTA) or zearalenone (ZEN). In spiked samples (250 ng g^?1, 500 ng g^?1, 1000 ng g^?1), the mean recoveries ranged from 86.7 ± 5% to 102 ± 4%, and the coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 3% to 10%. A survey of 96 corn samples from Bozhou, Fuyang, Bengbu, and Hefei, in Anhui province, China, was performed. Frequencies of FB₁ contamination were 83.3%, 95.8%, 20.8% and 91.7%, and the mean concentrations of positive samples were 0.702 μg kg^?1, 0.883 μg kg^?1, 0.074 μg kg^?1, and 0.276 μg kg^?1, respectively. The results of this study suggest that the ci-ELISA developed in this study can be used to identify FB₁ in corn, furthermore, further study is needed to investigate FB₁ contamination in food and feed to prevent its harmful health effects.     

纳米MnO2与常规MnO2粉末对Hela细胞DNA损伤的对比研究

为探讨纳米MnO2与常规MnO2粉末对细胞DNA损伤作用的差别,采用不同浓度的纳米MnO2与常规MnO2粉末(0、100、200、400μg·mL-1)对Hela细胞进行染毒,应用单细胞凝胶电泳(彗星实验)检测Hela细胞的损伤效应.结果表明,与对照组相比,纳米MnO2和常规MnO2各染毒组细胞尾部DNA百分率(TailDNA%)和尾矩(TailMoment)均显著增加(p<0.01);同一浓度下,纳米MnO2组细胞尾部DNA百分率和尾矩显著高于常规MnO2组(p<0.01).以上结果表明,纳米MnO2和常规MnO2粉末均能导致Hela细胞DNA损伤,且纳米MnO2的损伤作用强于常规MnO2.     

Adaptive response in frogs chronically exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation in the environment

Using the micronucleus assay, decreased levels of DNA damage were found after high dose ionizing radiation exposure of liver cells taken from frogs inhabiting a natural environment with above-background levels of ionizing radiation, compared to cells taken from frogs inhabiting background areas. The data obtained from a small number of animals suggest that stress present in the above-background environment could induce an adaptive response to ionizing radiation. This study did not reveal harmful effects of exposure to low levels of radioactivity. On the contrary, stress present in the above-background area may serve to enhance cellular defense mechanisms.     

Aporrectodea caliginosa, a suitable earthworm species for field based genotoxicity assessment?

There is a growing interest for the application of biomakers to field-collected earthworms. Therefore we have evaluated the usability of native populations of endogeic, widely distributed earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa in the assessment of soil genotoxicity using the Comet assay. Validation of the Comet assay on earthworm coelomocytes has been established using commercially available Eisenia fetida exposed to copper, cadmium, and pentachlorophenol, along with A. caliginosa exposed to copper in a filter paper contact test. Neutral red retention time (NRRT) assay was conducted on copper exposed and field-collected earthworms. Significant DNA and lysosomal damage was measured using Comet and NRRT assays in native populations of A. caliginosa sampled from the polluted soils in the urban area in comparison to the earthworms from the reference site. The results of this study confirm the employment of A. caliginosa as a suitable species for the in situ soil toxicity and genotoxicity field surveys.     

单克隆抗体酶免疫分析法测定大米中杀虫脒残留量

用抗杀虫脒单克隆抗体为试剂,建立了间接竞争法,直接竞争法和标记抗原的竞争法等３种测定大米中杀生脒残留量的ＥＬＩＳＡ法,标准曲线上抑制率为５０％时对应的杀虫脒浓度分别为１．３、１．７和５．３ｎｇ／ｍｌ,大米样品用甲醇提到,提取液经吸附剂柱简单净化后即可用上述ＥＬＩＳＡ对痕量杀虫脒进行定量,使用直接竞争法时,样品加标回收率为９０％－１１６％,平行测定的相对标准偏差为５．１％－１６％,方法检出限为０．５     

环境雌激素的生物检测与应用

环境雌激素问题已成为环境领域的研究热点。因此,建立简单快速有效的检测方法显得尤其重要。目前对污染物雌激素效应的测评主要依赖于生物学方法,文章主要介绍了子宫生长实验、肝细胞卵黄蛋白原生成实验、人乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)增值实验、重组基因酵母实验、酵母双杂交实验五种主要的环境雌激素生物检测方法及其在国内外环境激素测评中的应用现状。     

Genotoxicity evaluation and a primary risk assessment of organic pollutants in the drinking water sources of Nanjing, China

An increasing number of industrial, agricultural, and commercial chemicals in the aquatic environment leads to various deleterious effects on organisms, which is becoming an increasingly serious problem in China. In this study, the comet assay was conducted to investigate the genotoxicity to human body caused by organic concentrates in the drinking water sources of Nanjing City from Yangtze River of China, and health and ecology risk due to expose to these organic pollutants were evaluated with the multimedia environmental assessment system （MEAS）. For all the water samples, they were collected from four different locations in the drinking water sourcr samples, es of Nanjing City. The results of the comet assay showed that all the organic concentrates from the water samples could induce different levels DNA damages on human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and a statistically significant difference （p〈0.01） was observed compared with the solvent control, which demonstrated the genotoxicity was in existence. According to the ambient severity （AS） of individual compound, we had sorted out the main organic pollutants in the drinking water source of the four waterworks, and the results showed that there was some potential hazard to human body for all the source water, namely the total ambient severity （TAS） of health for each water source was more than 1. However, the TAS of ecology for each water source was less than 1, which indicated that it was safe to ecology. The results of this investigation demonstrate the application of the comet assay and the MEAS in aquatic environmental monitoring studies, and the comet assay found to be fast, sensitive, and suitable for genotoxicity monitoring programs of drinking water source.     

Polyclonal antibody-based indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for screening of paclobutrazol in fruits

Abstract

Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a plant growth regulator (PGR) widely used in fruit and vegetable cultivation. However, due to the severe toxicity of PBZ, a sub-ppm level maximum residue limit (MRL) was established worldwide. Therefore, it is significant to propose a rapid, sensitive and high throughput screening method for monitoring the PBZ residues in foods. In this study, a simple and sensitive indirect competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) was established for PBZ detection in fruits basing polyclonal antibody. For both economy and pollution prevention, a microwave-solvent-free method was used to synthesize the PBZ hapten with high efficiency. The detection conditions, such as coating antigen concentration, antibody concentration, organic reagent concentration, ionic strength and pH, were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, this method showed high sensitivity and specificity. The detection range is 1.27-138.23?ng/mL, half-maximum inhibition concentration (IC₅₀) is 13.26?ng/mL, and the IC₂₀ was lower than the reported ELISAs for PBZ. Additionally, this method had high accuracy and precision. The recoveries were ranged from 88.78% to 96.80% in PBZ spiked apple samples with RSD below 4%. All the results showed that the polyclonal antibody based icELISA could be useful for PBZ screening in fruit samples.     

人体颊黏膜细胞彗星实验方法学研究

为探索一种简便、直接检测环境诱变物对人体靶细胞遗传毒性的方法,笔者以甲醛作为染毒剂,对人体口腔颊黏膜细胞彗星实验的染毒时间、染毒温度和2种用于检测交联作用的方案进行了研究。结果显示:经7 5μmol L甲醛37℃染毒30和60min后,DNA的断裂程度较染毒15min更大;而经该浓度甲醛在4,23和37℃下染毒30min后均可引起DNA的断裂,但37℃下染毒对DNA的断裂作用更大。在2种应用于检测交联作用的方案中,加大电泳条件的交联检测方案还可检测兼具交联和断裂效应的诱变物。      

甲醛诱导Hela细胞凋亡的研究

细胞凋亡是当今环境毒理学领域的研究热点之一.为了探讨甲醛能否诱导细胞凋亡,以Hela细胞为实验材料,通过不同浓度的甲醛处理24h后,应用形态学观察、四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)实验和流式细胞仪检测了Hela细胞凋亡情况.实验结果表明低浓度甲醛(≤0.2mmol·L-1)处理Hela细胞24h后,对细胞生长有显著的抑制作用(p<0.05),但对细胞形态改变不大,且对细胞核DNA没有损伤;而高浓度甲醛(≥0.4mmol·L-1)处理Hela细胞24h后,对细胞生长有极显著的抑制作用(p<0.01),细胞形态逐渐变的模糊不清,并有少量细胞萎缩成圆形,且会造成细胞核DNA有规律的断裂,细胞凋亡率随甲醛浓度的增加而增大.以上实验结果显示,高浓度甲醛处理Hela细胞24h后,会诱导细胞凋亡;并且随甲醛浓度的升高凋亡率逐渐增大,呈一定的剂量-效应关系.