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361.
362.
关于环评中的景观影响评价问题 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
环境影响评价制度对控制环境污染和防止生态破坏取得明显的成效。随着社会的进步和人们对环境质量的高要求,景观环境影响评价已成为旅游资源、森林资源、矿产资源开发以及交通运输等建设项目环境影响报告书中的重要内容。但由于目前尚缺乏评价规范和评价标准,在开展景观影响评价中存在着不少的困难,评价标准和评价等级的缺乏,使评价的深度和广度以及景观污染的界定上难以满足评价结果的要求;评价方法的不确定,又使评价过程难以统一,难以预测项目建设对景观的影响程度,而人才的缺乏则是困扰持证单位的主要问题。所以目前急切需要解决问题的办法是尽快制定景观评价的标准和规范,研究评价的方法,以加速人才的培养,使景观影响评价真正能达到保护景观的目的。 相似文献
363.
林保民 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2003,13(4):27-30
生态农业示范村建设是进行综合生态农业示范体系研究的基础,也是神态农业经营理念和技术推广的重要途径。因此,地理、交通、自然和人文环境的选择,生产经营模式的确定对生态农业经营效益和示范影响效果至关重要。本文通过对许家峪村的现状和作为冀东生态农业示范村的优势和存在问题以及适宜的经营模式进行了剖析和阐述。 相似文献
364.
a ), and nutrient availability (phosphorus and nitrogen). High variability in these limnological characteristics, particularly
among impoundments, obscured potential differences between impoundments and ponds. No significant differences were found in
chlorophyll or nutrient concentrations, and in only two cases were there differences in invertebrate production: gastropods
were significantly more abundant in impoundments than in ponds in June, and trichopterans were significantly more abundant
in impoundments than in ponds in July. For comparisons within impoundments and ponds, there were significant differences in
invertebrate abundance between habitats and between wetland types. For example, plecopterans, trichopterans, and gastropods
(all taxa combined) were consistently more abundant in shallow–Arctophila impoundments and ponds than in shallow–Carex impoundments and ponds. Thus, ponds and impoundments may differ significantly in invertebrate production, but we lack information
on the amount of different habitat types (i.e., center versus emergent vegetation, Carex versus Arctophila) used by these taxa within each water body type. It is a reasonable speculation, based on results of this study, that impoundments
and ponds may have similar value as feeding habitat for invertebrate-eating waterbirds. Thus the presence of impoundments
may be consistent with waterbird management goals on the Arctic Coastal Plain. 相似文献
365.
WILLIAM E. HOGSETT JAMES E. WEBER DAVID TINGEY ANDREW HERSTROM E. HENRY LEE JOHN A. LAURENCE 《Environmental management》1997,21(1):105-120
/ The risk tropospheric ozone poses to forests in the United States is dependent on the variation in ozone exposure across the distribution of the forests in question and the various environmental and climate factors predominant in the region. All these factors have a spatial nature, and consequently an approach to characterization of ozone risk is presented that places ozone exposure-response functions for species as seedlings and model-simulated tree and stand responses in a spatial context using a geographical information systems (GIS). The GIS is used to aggregate factors considered important in a risk characterization, including: (1) estimated ozone exposures over forested regions, (2) measures of ozone effects on species' and stand growth, and (3) spatially distributed environmental, genetic, and exposure influences on species' response to ozone. The GIS-based risk characterization provides an estimation of the extent and magnitude of the potential ozone impact on forests. A preliminary risk characterization demonstrating this approach considered only the eastern United States and only the limited empirical data quantifying the effect of ozone exposures on forest tree species as seedlings. The area-weighted response of the annual seedling biomass loss formed the basis for a sensitivity ranking: sensitive-aspen and black cherry (14%-33% biomass loss over 50% of their distribution); moderately sensitive-tulip popular, loblolly pine, eastern white pine, and sugar maple (5%-13% biomass loss); insensitive-Virginia pine and red maple (0%-1% loss). In the future, the GIS-based risk characterization will include process-based model simulations of the three- to 5-year growth response of individual species as large trees with relevant environmental interactions and model simulated response of mixed stands. The interactive nature of GIS provides a tool to explore consequences of the range of climate conditions across a species' distribution, forest management practices, changing ozone precursors, regulatory control strategies, and other factors influencing the spatial distribution of ozone over time as more information becomes available.KEY WORDS: Ecological risk assessment; GIS; Ozone; Risk characterization; Forests; Trees 相似文献
366.
Integration of Environmental Assessment into the Regional Development Planning Process of the Galilee 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
/ The Galilee region on the northern edge of Israel constitutes more than 15% of the state's territory, supplies more than half of its drinking water needs, and is an important recreational resource and destination for Israelis. One of the main objectives of the plan for the Galilee was to devise a regional physical and economic development strategy for the years 1992-2007 that would arrest the trend of emigration of its residents, attract newly arrived immigrants to the region, and at the same time protect natural resources and environmental quality. This paper is limited to discussion of the environmental aspects of the plan. It analyzes spatial concepts for distribution of projected population growth, evaluates environmental impacts of alternative plans, and proposes a decision-making framework and tools for minimizing natural resources loss from development at the local level. Assessment of potential environmental impacts generated quantitative data of natural resources areas. Application of the data in the plan evaluation stage showed that the alternative that concentrated most of the new development in central Galilee was the second-best choice environmentally, but was preferred as the best choice for overall qualities. The planning study offers an alternative environmental impact assessment (EIA) process to the one presently used in Israel by incorporating environmental considerations at the initial plan-making stage and not at the plan-approval stage. It demonstrated that in order to be effective, environmental assessment and land-use planning should be seen as one effort that is integrated from the start and in each stage of the plan-making process.KEY WORDS: Environmental assessment; Development planning; Galilee 相似文献
367.
Paul D. Bakke Marvin R. Pyles 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1997,33(4):897-906
ABSTRACT: Predictive models for nitrate in four streams in the Bull Run Watershed in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon were developed from a record of 17 years of nitrate samples. The models are time series regression models written in terms of Log(nitrate load). The independent variables are logarithm of 14-day mean daily stream discharge, current day's precipitation, logarithm of the previous day's precipitation, total precipitation for the previous seven days, a hydrograph position variable that indicates rising or falling limb, and average maximum air temperature for the preceding 14 days. The models describe annual cycle and seasonable trends and variations in nitrate load, but are unable to describe large day to day variations like those associated with hydrograph peaks. 相似文献
368.
对1996年2月3日云南丽江7.0级地震进行了震害调查和损失评估,此次地震造成了重大灾害,死亡309人,重伤4070人,轻伤12987人。房屋破坏、室内财产和生命线工程的直接经济损失总计为30.49亿元。 相似文献
369.
污染物对水环境的影响主要发生在枯水期,此时水流状态处于稳态.Streeter-phelps(S-P)方程能预测简单稳态条件下的水质状况,并具有较高的计算织亏的精度. 相似文献
370.
自然灾害变动的集成预测模型及其应用 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
本文提出了以非线性回归拟合发展趋势、正弦函数逼近周期变动和马尔可夫链刻划随机扰动的集成预测模型,并应用于山东省农业自然灾害成灾面积的变动规律模拟,得到了较好的预测效果。理论和实践表明,集成预测模型优于传统的单模型预测,为预测具有复杂机制的自然灾害演变提供了一种新方法。 相似文献