加强生态保护,维护国家生态安全

在详细论述生态安全概念和内涵的基础上,阐述了维护国家生态安全在保障国家安全、维持中华民族的生存与发展和维护人民群众切身利益等方面的重要性,分析了我国面临的环境严重污染、生态赤字扩大、物种资源破坏和自然灾害频发等方面严峻的生态安全形势,提出了规范国土空间开发秩序、完善生态保护政策法规、建立生态监测评价体系、强化资源开发环境监管和提高全民生态安全意识等维护国家生态安全的对策措施。     

分散液液微萃取气相色谱-质谱法测定水中15种硝基苯类化合物

建立了超声辅助基质分散液液微萃取（UA-DLLME）作为前处理联合气相色谱串联质谱（GC-MS）同时测定地下水和地表水中15种硝基苯类化合物的分析方法。萃取剂、分散剂、萃取温度、萃取时间和离子强度等影响因素采用Plackett-Burman设计,快速筛选出最显著影响因素,利用中心组合设计（CCD）简化实验步骤优化显著因素,结合响应曲面图最终确定最佳的萃取条件：5 mL水样在3%氯化钠条件下迅速加入40 μL四氯化碳（萃取剂）和0.5 mL乙腈（分散剂）,50 ℃下超声4 min,混合液4 000 r/min离心3 min。结果表明：15种硝基苯类化合物在50.0~1 000.0 μg/L的浓度范围内线性相关系数均大于0.995;采用超声辅助基质分散液液微萃取时,方法检出限（MDL）为0.018~0.039 μg/L;15种目标物的加标平均回收率为83.31%~99.08%,相对标准偏差均不高于5.0%（n=6）。     

城市生态公园及其评估

综述了城市生态公园的研究进展,分析了城市生态公园对解决城市生态问题及满足市民渴望回归自然的重要性.在总结目前城市生态公园理论与实践的基础上,对城市生态公园的定义及内涵进行了分析.首次提出了以生物多样性、生物量、乡土物种和景观为核心指标组成的城市生态公园评估指标体系,对中国正在兴起的城市生态公园建设具有指导意义.     

微波辅助空气氧化水溶液中的PCP

采用活性炭为催化剂，对微波辅助空气氧化水溶液中的五氯酚进行了处理研究。考察了活性炭投加量、微波功率、辐射时间和通气量对溶液中五氯酚的去除率的影响。结果表明，在通气量为0．2L／min，微波功率800W和微波辐射60min时，五氯酚的去除率可达到90％以上；对微波辐射前后的滤液进行紫外扫描和pH分析，可证实五氯酚被降解。     

论养殖业发展与兽医行业新观念的关系

养殖业的发展,对兽医这一行业提出了不同于过去的要求.兽医从业人员应当对自身在职业观念作出重新认识,同时在工作重点进行调整,以适应畜牧业发展的需要.本文就这一问题进行了分析研究.     

电助光催化氧化反应器的类型和设计要点

电助光催化反应器提供了通过外加电场提高光催化技术处理效率的场所,其构型是决定电助光催化反应效率和进行机理研究的关键要素。本文对当前电助光催化研究中采用的反应器的类型进行了综述,并提出电助光催化反应器设计的一些要点。     

微波辅助光催化降解水中苯酚

利用改装的家用微波炉、微波无电极灯(EDLs)和TiO₂催化剂研究了水溶液中苯酚的光催化降解效果.结果表明,反应30 min,微波辅助光催化(MAPC)能去除92%的苯酚,溶液总有机碳(TOC)减少84%.MAPC的最佳反应条件为:苯酚初始浓度10 mg/L,微波功率900 W,反应液体积50 mL,EDLs-3,催化剂用量1～4 g/L,循环态流速15 mL/min.MAPC处理含酚废水具有较好的应用潜能.     

Challenges and Opportunities in Implementing Managed Relocation for Conservation of Freshwater Species

Abstract: The rapidity of climate change is predicted to exceed the ability of many species to adapt or to disperse to more climatically favorable surroundings. Conservation of these species may require managed relocation (also called assisted migration or assisted colonization) of individuals to locations where the probability of their future persistence may be higher. The history of non‐native species throughout the world suggests managed relocation may not be applicable universally. Given the constrained existence of freshwater organisms within highly dendritic networks containing isolated ponds, lakes, and rivers, managed relocation may represent a useful conservation strategy. Yet, these same distinctive properties of freshwater ecosystems may increase the probability of unintended ecological consequences. We explored whether managed relocation is an ecologically sound conservation strategy for freshwater systems and provided guidelines for identifying candidates and localities for managed relocation. A comparison of ecological and life‐history traits of freshwater animals associated with high probabilities of extirpation and invasion suggests that it is possible to select species for managed relocation to minimize the likelihood of unintended effects to recipient ecosystems. We recommend that translocations occur within the species’ historical range and optimally within the same major river basin and that lacustrine and riverine species be translocated to physically isolated seepage lakes and upstream of natural or artificial barriers, respectively, to lower the risk of secondary spread across the landscape. We provide five core recommendations to enhance the scientific basis of guidelines for managed relocation in freshwater environments: adopt the term managed translocation to reflect the fact that individuals will not always be reintroduced within their historical native range; examine the trade‐off between facilitation of individual movement and the probability of range expansion of non‐native species; determine which species and locations might be immediately considered for managed translocation; adopt a hypothetico‐deductive framework by conducting experimental trials to introduce species of conservation concern into new areas within their historical range; build on previous research associated with species reintroductions through communication and synthesis of case studies.     

超声波辅助浸取分离污泥中的重金属

以实验室合成的含重金属离子的污泥为研究对象,通过实验分析对比了不同pH下超声波对污泥中重金属离子去除率的影响。研究表明,在超声波的辅助作用下,一步酸浸法能使Cu-Fe混合污泥中的Cu和Fe完全分离,Cu和Fe的离子浸出率分别是97.47%和1.81%;超声波辅助两步酸浸法分离Cu-Cr污泥中的Cu和Cr,96.52%的Cu溶解在浸出液中,96.64%的Cr保留在浸出渣中,Cu、Cr可完全分离;在Cr-Fe混合污泥中,超声的辅助作用使两步酸浸后Cr的浸出率达97.05%,浸出渣中则含98.48%的Fe,2种金属得到有效的分离。酸浸过程中加入超声波对重金属的分离回收有明显的强化效果。