不对称还原α-氨基苯乙酮菌种的筛选及转化条件优化

芳香基手性胺醇是许多手性药物合成的重要手性砌块,生物催化不对称还原前手性酮是合成该类醇的重要方法之一.以α-氨基苯乙酮盐酸盐为模型底物从土壤中筛选获得两株能分别高立体选择性催化底物产生R型、S型相应醇的菌株,对映体过量值(e.e.)分别为99%和77%,编号为1403和4802,鉴定菌株所属为镰刀菌属和地霉属.对两株菌培养时期和转化条件的研究表明镰刀菌1403最适生长时间为24 h,最优菌体浓度20 g/L,最优底物浓度5 g/L;地霉4802最适生长时间24 h,最优菌体浓度80 g/L,最优底物浓度3 g/L.底物特异性研究表明,菌株1403和4802均可转化α-氯代苯乙酮、α-溴代苯乙酮、α-羟基苯乙酮和苯乙酮为相应醇,且以α-羟基苯乙酮为底物时,其产物均为S型,e.e.值达99%.     

山西省城市发展对昼夜环境温度影响

利用1970-2004年山西省71个气象观测站02:00时、14:00时平均温度资料,分析全省昼、夜温度气候倾向率,选取具有代表性的7个城市站和7个乡村站,研究热岛效应对城市昼夜温度的影响.结果表明:(1)近35年来,山西省各站气温倾向率多为正,即呈增温的趋势,但空间分布不均.(2)夜间气温倾向率城市站大于乡村站,白天气温倾向率城市站小于乡村站.(3)城市效应对城市昼、夜增温贡献率分别为-16.15%、33.01%.山西省城市发展对昼夜环境温度影响是不对称的.     

Workplace racial/ethnic similarity,job satisfaction,and lumbar back health among warehouse workers: Asymmetric reactions across racial/ethnic groups

Racial and ethnic minority employees constitute a significant proportion of the U.S. workforce. The literature on demographic similarity in the workplace suggests that the proportion of co‐workers who share the same racial/ethnic background (racial/ethnic similarity) can influence job attitudes and employee well‐being and that the reactions to racial/ethnic similarity may differ between the racially dominant and subordinate groups. This study applies status construction theory to examine the extent to which racial/ethnic similarity is associated with job satisfaction and lumbar back health among warehouse employees. We surveyed 361 warehouse workers (204 whites, 94 African‐Americans, and 63 Latino workers) in 68 jobs in nine distribution centers in the United States. Multilevel analyses indicate that white and racial/ethnic minority groups react differently to racial/ethnic similarity. For job satisfaction, white employees experience higher job satisfaction when they are highly racially/ethnically similar to their colleagues, whereas Latino employees experience higher job satisfaction when they are racially/ethnically dissimilar to others. As for lumbar back health, among Latino and African‐American employees, higher racial/ethnic similarity is associated with better lumbar back health whereas for white employees, the association is the opposite. Across all groups, moderate levels of racial/ethnic similarity were associated with the best lumbar back health. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Patterns of Spatial Autocorrelation in Stream Water Chemistry

Geostatistical models are typically based on symmetric straight-line distance, which fails to represent the spatial configuration, connectivity, directionality, and relative position of sites in a stream network. Freshwater ecologists have explored spatial patterns in stream networks using hydrologic distance measures and new geostatistical methodologies have recently been developed that enable directional hydrologic distance measures to be considered. The purpose of this study was to quantify patterns of spatial correlation in stream water chemistry using three distance measures: straight-line distance, symmetric hydrologic distance, and weighted asymmetric hydrologic distance. We used a dataset collected in Maryland, USA to develop both general linear models and geostatistical models (based on the three distance measures) for acid neutralizing capacity, conductivity, pH, nitrate, sulfate, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and dissolved organic carbon. The spatial AICC methodology allowed us to fit the autocorrelation and covariate parameters simultaneously and to select the model with the most support in the data. We used the universal kriging algorithm to generate geostatistical model predictions. We found that spatial correlation exists in stream chemistry data at a relatively coarse scale and that geostatistical models consistently improved the accuracy of model predictions. More than one distance measure performed well for most chemical response variables, but straight-line distance appears to be the most suitable distance measure for regional geostatistical modeling. It may be necessary to develop new survey designs that more fully capture spatial correlation at a variety of scales to improve the use of weighted asymmetric hydrologic distance measures in regional geostatistical models.     

偏心结构在双向地震作用下扭转反应之影响因素

对偏心结构在双向地震作用下的弹塑性扭转反应进行了研究。以纤维模型模拟双向地震作用下混凝土柱的双轴弯曲,考查刚度偏心es、强度偏心ep和自振周期T等因素对结构扭转的影响。通过弹塑性时程分析得到的结果表明,在双向地震作用下,随着刚度偏心的增大刚性边和柔性边表现出不同的反应特点,前者“延性需求”变大,后者滞回耗能增加;单双向地震作用下,结构弹塑性扭转随强度偏心的变化趋势相同,当0相似文献   

不对称大底板多塔楼隔震结构的地震响应分析

针对不对称大底板多塔楼隔震结构体系,通过建立地震响应的动力分析简化模型,推导出不对称大底板多塔楼隔震结构体系地震作用下的运动方程。对一实际的不对称大底板多塔楼隔震结构进行地震响应仿真分析,探讨塔楼质量偏心率和塔楼质量比对结构周期比、位移比和层剪力比的影响。结果显示,不对称大底板多塔楼隔震结构扭转角主要由隔震层产生;与不隔震结构相比,不对称大底板多塔楼隔震体系的扭转角减小,可取得较好的减震效果;塔楼与底板的位置分布和质量分布会影响体系的扭转效应和减震效果,应尽量使塔楼的质心与底板质心重合,塔楼质量分布均匀,以减小结构的扭转效应,提高减震效果。     

基于可拓学的充填管道输送可靠度分析

为评价矿山充填系统管道输送安全等级,建立充填管道输送安全可拓学评价模型。结合相关学者的研究成果和矿山实践数据,确定输送安全等级标准及评价指标量值。运用融合权重法求出评价指标的融合权重系数。运用可拓学理论,建立充填管道输送安全评价的融合赋权法-可拓学模型,并依据非对称贴近度原则评判安全等级。运用该方法对金川龙首矿充填管道进行输送安全评价,得到其综合关联度为(-0.147,-0.185,-0.245,-0.398),贴近度为(0.286,0.347,0.225,0.134),安全等级为Ⅱ级,管道输送安全性较差。建议矿山及时对管道进行维修保养,以保证矿山安全生产。     

烯酮还原酶基因的克隆与优化表达

烯酮/酯还原酶可以专一性地还原烯酮/酯中的碳碳双键,并引入两个手性中心,是手性化合物生物催化合成的重要酶类之一;在使用烯酮/酯还原酶进行全细胞手性分子生物催化合成中,其他还原酶的存在常导致副反应的产生.为研究烯酮/酯还原酶的理化性质、底物的专一性、产物的手性特点等,需要经过纯化的烯酮/酯还原酶.为此,根据烯酮还原酶(Enoate reductase,ERs,EC 1.3.1.31)的基因序列设计引物,以丙酮丁醇梭菌(Clostridium acetobutylicum)ATCC824基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增技术得到了目标酶的基因,目的片段全长为1 995 bp,共编码664个氨基酸,相对分子质量为73×103.将烯酮还原酶基因连接到pET-32a(+)上,构建表达质粒pET-32a(+)-ERs,并成功在Escherichia coli Rosetta(DE3)pLysS中表达.在摇床上优化的表达条件为:诱导温度为18℃,诱导起始时菌体D600 nm为0.6～0.8,转速为100 r/min,诱导剂IPTG浓度为0.1 mmol/L,诱导培养时间为12 h,表达的烯酮还原酶大部分以可溶性形式存在于菌体内.     

Lifting strength in two-person teamwork

This study examined the effects of lifting range, hand-to-toe distance, and lifting direction on single-person lifting strengths and two-person teamwork lifting strengths. Six healthy males and seven healthy females participated in this study. Two-person teamwork lifting strengths were examined in both strength-matched and strength-unmatched groups. Our results showed that lifting strength significantly decreased with increasing lifting range or hand-to-toe distance. However, lifting strengths were not affected by lifting direction. Teamwork lifting strength did not conform to the law of additivity for both strength-matched and strength-unmatched groups. In general, teamwork lifting strength was dictated by the weaker of the two members, implying that weaker members might be exposed to a higher potential danger in teamwork exertions. To avoid such overexertion in teamwork, members with significantly different strength ability should not be assigned to the same team.