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991.
环渤海经济区是我国重点打造的7个跨省(区、市)的经济区域之一,也是我国北方大气污染控制重点区域和主要航运发展区域.随着陆上污染物减排力度的不断加强,环渤海经济区周边海域船舶大气污染日益受到各界关注.为分析环渤海经济区周边海域船舶大气污染物排放特征,采用船舶AIS(Automatic Identification System,自动识别系统)数据、国内外船舶登记注册数据,利用基于AIS的动力法计算了环渤海经济区周边海域船舶大气污染物排放清单.结果表明:2017年环渤海经济区船舶SOx、NOx、PM10、HC和CO的排放量分别为26.18×104、41.12×104、3.48×104、1.13×104和2.66×104 t;船舶大气污染物排放主要在低速航行、巡航和系泊工况下产生,低速航行下SOx、NOx、PM10、HC、CO的分担率较大,分别为45.56%、48.79%、46.55%、48.68%、47.00%,系泊工况下SOx、NOx、PM10、HC和CO的排放量分别为5.06×104、6.86×104、0.67×104、0.19×104和0.51×104 t,因此,推进靠港船舶使用岸电等举措具有良好的减排效果.船舶使用硫含量(以质量分数计)为0.5%和0.1%的燃料油后,SOx排放量分别减少81.47%和96.29%,可见船舶使用低硫油时SOx减排效果显著.研究显示,禁止船舶在航行时使用高硫油、要求船舶靠港前换烧低硫油、提高港口岸电覆盖率、加大靠港船舶使用岸电力度是环渤海经济区周边海域船舶大气污染物减排的有效措施. 相似文献
992.
993.
In order to study the effect of thevegetation structure on atmospheric ammonia(NH3) dispersion and deposition, anexperiment was set up near Paris, in July 1997.Between 12 and 162 m downwind of a 200 m line-source releasing 600 to 1200 g NH3hr-1placed at the top of a maize canopy, NH3concentration was measured, within and above thecanopy, with a set of 30 active, acid-coateddenuders over periods of 2 to 3 hr. Eight datasets were collected over a one-month period.NH3 concentration decreased sharply withdistance to the source, from up to800 g NH3 m-3 at 12 m, to lessthan 10 g NH3 m-3 at 162 m andshowed strong vertical gradients. Within thecanopy, the concentration scaled using thefriction velocity, the canopy height, and thesource strength, exhibited a universal power lawrelationship as a function of the normaliseddownwind distance from the source. A mass balancemethod and a resistance model approach were usedas independent estimates of the cumulateddeposition at 162 m downwind from the source,which range between 1 and 29% of the emittedNH3. Both methods agreed approximately inmagnitude. A sensitivity analysis showed that thecuticular uptake and the compensation point aremajor parameters that needs to be bettercharacterised under high NH3 concentrationif one wants to improve NH3 short-rangedeposition modelling. 相似文献
994.
结合当前我国大气污染控制工作的严峻形势,分析了我国火电行业大气污染控制工作的进展情况、存在问题及控制措施等。 相似文献
995.
我国小麦白粉病发生流行的长期气象预测研究 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
确定了影响我国小麦白粉病发病流行的9项关键环流特征因子指标,其中4项较好地表征了我国小麦白粉病发病面积轻、偏轻、偏重、重4个级别的气候特征.以关键环流特征因子距平为预测因子,建立的上年10月初、当年4月初制作预报的2个全国小麦白粉病发病面积距平预测模式历史拟合效果较好,对2004年的外延预报准确率分别达87.5%和98.2%.通过分析关键大气环流特征因子对我国小麦白粉病发生流行的可能影响机制,发现前期关键环流特征因子对我国小麦白粉病的发生流行具有很好的气候背景指示效应. 相似文献
996.
997.
湛江市大气环境容量与工业布局探讨 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
本文以湛江市为例,利用改进的箱模式计算区域不同我的大气环境容量,对充分利用大气环境容量进行工业的合理布局进行了探讨。 相似文献
998.
I. Colbeck Meng-Chen Chung K. Eleftheriadis 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(5-6):223-235
The effects of meteorology on ambient aerosol concentrations and aerosol transport, within the Greater Athens Area during the summer period, was investigated. Measurements of size fractionated anions and cations were made at two sites (inland at Ag. Stefanos and on the coast at Pireas) within the Greater Athens Area. The wind regime exhibited a distinctinfluence such that the sea-breeze circulation strongly enhanced the formation of secondary aerosols. For sulphate the difference in concentration between the two sites was,on average, 8 times greater on sea-breeze days compared with Etesian days (warm days with NE winds). During `normal' days,any differences in concentrations were possibly due to localemissions. Elevated concentrations in the fine mode were detectedat both sites during the sea-breeze days. The sea-breezecirculation enhances the development of secondary aerosolswhich was clearly shown at the inland site. Nitrous acid,hydrochloric acid and particulate nitrate, sulphate andammonium increase during sea-breeze days. Elevated levelsof nitrate, 4 m diameter, were particularly observedon the days with a strong sea-breeze circulation. Sulphatewas well correlated with both sulphur dioxide and ammoniumsuggesting the production of NH4HSO4/(NH4)2SO4 aerosols, formedthrough the neutralisation of NH3 with sulphuric acids.Ammonium sulphate was found to be the major ammoniumcomponent in Athens. 相似文献
999.
Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution: Focus - The mountain ecosystems of the Hindu Kush Himalayas are generally considered to be pristine despite little available data to confirm it. Is there any... 相似文献
1000.
P. Sahm P. Louka M. Ketzel E. Guilloteau J.-F. Sini 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(5-6):587-601
Microscale Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models havebecome an efficient and common simulation tool forassessment and prediction of air quality in urban areas.The proper validation of such a model is a crucialprerequisite for its practical application. Within theframework of the European research network TRAPOS a workinggroup on computational fluid dynamics modelling wasestablished and model intercomparison exercises werelaunched. Different Computational Fluid Dynamics Codes wereapplied for simulating the wind flow and pollutantconcentration patterns in several test cases. The aim ofthe present model intercomparison is (1) to assess andallocate the source of differences that appear whendifferent CFD codes using the same turbulence model areapplied to well defined test cases and (2) to improve theknowledge base for model development and application.Throughout the series of model applications coveringmanifold urban configurations, the overall agreementbetween the various models and experimental data is fair.In spite of quantitative differences between the variousnumerical results, the models are capable of reproducingthe flow patterns and dispersion characteristics observedin urban areas but they show significant differences forthe turbulent kinetic energy field that controls thedispersion of pollutants. 相似文献