Evaluation of ambient air quality in Guangzhou, China

On the basis of the reported air quality index （API） and air pollutant monitoring data provided by the Guangzhou Environment Monitoring Stations over the last twenty-five years, the characteristics of air quality, prominent pollutants, and variation of the average annual concentrations of SOE, NOE, total suspended particulate （TSP）, fine particulates （PM10）, CO and dustfall in Guangzhou City were analyzed. Results showed that TSP was the prominent pollutant in the ambient air environment of Guangzhou City. Of the prominent pollutants, TSP accounted for nearly 62%, SOE 12.3%, and NOx 6.4%, respectively. The average API of Guangzhou over 6 years was higher than that of Beijing, Tianjin, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Suzhou and Shanghai, and lower than that of Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shantou. Concentrations of air pollutants have shown a downward trend in recent years, but they are generally worse than ambient air quality standards for USA, Hong Kong and EU. SOE and NOx pollution were still serious, impling that waste gas pollution from all kinds of vehicles had become a significant problem for environmental protection in Guangzhou. The possible causes of worsening air quality were also discussed in this paper.     

钢铁工业区附近农田蔬菜PAHs的浓度水平及分布

分析了钢铁工业区附近农田蔬菜的PAHs污染状况,发现8种蔬菜可食用部分的15种PAHs总浓度为227.1～1?533.2 ng/g,平均为759.1 ng/g,8种可疑致癌多环芳烃(BaA、Chr、BbF、BkF、BaP、DahA、BghiP、IcdP)的总浓度为7.1～231.2 ng/g,平均达70.6 ng/g.蔬菜可食用部分PAHs的含量为叶菜类>果菜类>肉质根茎类.果菜类和根茎类蔬菜可食用部分的PAHs大多富集在果（根）皮上,皮中PAHs浓度约为肉中的3倍.植物积累PAHs的能力与其脂肪含量呈正相关,脂肪含量对叶片吸收亲脂性高的化合物影响较大,而对根部吸收的影响则相反.脂肪含量相近时,表面粗糙或具有细密绒毛的叶片富集PAHs的能力较强,须根系根吸收PAHs的能力比直根系根强.     

北京地区2003～2007年人类活动氮累积状况研究

人类活动引起的生态系统的氮输入和累积对区域环境特别是水环境有着潜在的重要影响.引入人类活动净氮累积的概念(net anthropogenic nitrogen accumulation,NANA),将NANA定义为人类活动氮的输入和输出之差,它是通过大气沉降、肥料应用、人类食物和动物饲料、氮固定和河流的累积这五项来计算...     

东莞市夏季大气边界层风、温场结构与特征研究

利用2008年5月4-20日东莞市探空观测资料,分析该地区夏季大气边界层内的风场、温度场特征进行研究,结果表明:1)各规定层高度主导风向为WNW,其风向频率值大于15%;2)风速随高度的增加而增大;3)接地逆温大约在20:00左右生成,02:00以后逐渐消失,从06:00到17:00没有观测到接地逆温,一天中接地逆温大约维持12 h左右;4)混合层高度在清晨厚度较薄,午后混合层厚度较厚,有利于污染物的扩散。     

Distribution and characteristic of PAHs in snow of Fildes Peninsula

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) investigation in different matrices has been reported largely, whereas reports on snow samples were limited. Snow, as the main matrix in the polar region, has an important study meaning. PAHs in snow samples were analyzed to investigate the distribution and contamination status of them in the Antarctic, as well as to provide some references for global migration of PAHs. Snow samples collected in Fildes Peninsula were enriched and separated by solid-phase membrane disks and eluted by methylene dichloride, then quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. All types of PAHs were detected except for Benzo(a)pyrene. Principal component analysis method was applied to characterize them. Three factors (Naphthalene, Fluorene and Phenanthrene) accounted for 60.57%, 21.61% and 9.80%, respectively. The results showed that the major PAHs sources maybe the atmospheric transportation, and the combustion of fuel in Fildes Peninsula. The comparison of concentration and types of PAHs between accumulated snow and fresh snow showed that the main compound concentrations in accumulated snow samples were higher than those in fresh ones. The risk assessment indicated that the amount of PAHs in the snow samples would not lead to ecological risk.     

秸秆生物质环境材料的制备及对水中多环芳烃的处理性能

300～700℃下热解炭化黄豆、芝麻、玉米秸秆8h,制备了秸秆生物质环境材料,测定了秸秆生物质环境材料的BET比表面积及其对亚甲基蓝和碘的吸附能力.以多环芳烃(PAHs)为目标污染物,探讨了生物质环境材料对水中单一和复合PAHs的吸附性能.结果表明,随热解温度升高,秸秆生物质环境材料比表面积增大,其对亚甲基蓝、碘的吸附...     

恒能量同步荧光光谱法测定水体中多环芳烃

建立了胶束溶液中多环芳烃混合物同时测定的恒能量同步荧光分析法,方法简便快速,无需对混合物进行分离,就可实现11种组分的同时鉴别和定量测定,方法的检出限在1.3×10-11～4×10-9g/mL,标准偏差为1.03～1.73,方法应用于分析河水样、污水样中的多环芳烃的效果良好,回收率分别为77.88%～120.13%、6...     

大气环境影响评价导则修订与对比分析

环境影响评价技术导则--大气环境>(HJ 2.2-2008)于2008年12月正式颁布,与原大气导则((HJ/T 2.2-93))相比,修订后的大气导则各章节都有不同程度的修改,其中改动较大的是评价等级分级、推荐预测模式、大气环境防护距离等内容.导则修订过程中,结合国家最新环境保护政策及管理要求,修改完善了导则各条款规...     

活性炭纤维-固相微萃取技术快速检测烤肉中多环芳烃

文章采用新型活性炭纤维(ACF)做为固相微萃取(SPME)的萃取纤维与气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)联用,建立了一种快速检测烤肉中持久性污染物多环芳烃(PAHs)的方法.烤肉由于其独特的风味深受人们喜爱.但是,在烤肉中含有致癌的PAHs,影响着人们的身体健康.烤肉中PAHs最佳提取条件为:2g匀浆样品,丙酮+甲醇(1∶0...     

武汉城区土壤剖面多环芳烃的分布特征及来源分析

研究分析了位于武汉市城区附近的南望山土壤剖面样品.表层土壤检测到了美国EPA优控的16种多环芳烃,含量为991 ng/g.之外还检测到了联苯、苯并[e]芘、苝、二苯并呋喃、二苯并噻吩、惹烯以及一些多环芳烃的烷基取代物.多环芳烃含量随着深度的增加急剧降低.表层土壤以萤蒽、苯并萤蒽、芘、苯并[a]芘等为主,菲次之.与高环相...