反渗透处理稀土氨氮废水试验研究

根据稀土冶炼厂排放的碳铵沉淀洗涤废水的水质情况,采用NH4Cl和 NaCl模拟废水进行了反渗透可行性对比实验。模拟实验发现,在相同条件下反渗透对NaCl 较NH₄Cl 有着更高的去除率,而NH₄Cl 相对NaCl则有着更高的产水速率。实际废水试验结果表明,在恒定操作压力范围内回收率为65%的条件下,NH₄Cl浓度为2.85 g/L的碳铵沉淀洗涤废水经反渗透处理其NH₄Cl去除率为77.3%,可作为氨氮废水的预处理。对该废水处理成本进行了分析,得出其约为2.7元/m³,比相近浓度氨氮废水的氨吹脱处理成本节省约26%。     

Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)对生物脱氮系统的影响

Cu2+和Zn2+是污水处理工艺中经常遇到的金属离子.在驯化好的活性污泥系统中,研究了金属离子Cu2+和Zn2+在0～100 mg/L浓度下对活性污泥牛物脱氮系统的影响.试验发现Cu2+＞5 mg/L、Zn2+＞30 ms/L时,对硝化过程具有明显的抑制作用,在同样浓度的试验条件下Cu2+对硝化过程的抑制作用比Zn2+大.Cu2+≤0.5 mg/L时对反硝化过程具有一定的促进作用,有助于提高TN的去除效果;Cu2+＞0.5 mg/L时,对反硝化产牛抑制作用,随着浓度的增加,TN去除率逐渐下降.Zn2+不影响反硝化过程,仅在大于30 mg/L时,对硝化过程产生抑制作用.重金属Cu2+对生物脱氮系统的影响明显强于Zn2+.     

生物法同时脱硫脱硝试验研究

采用轻质陶粒生物滴滤塔处理摸拟燃煤烟气中二氧化硫和氮氧化物的试验研究,探讨生物法同时脱硫脱硝的影响因素及生物降解宏观动力学。研究结果表明,生物法能有效同时去除烟气中的二氧化硫和氮氧化物,烟气同时脱硫脱硝效率分别可达99.9%和88.9%。为获得最佳烟气同时脱硫脱硝效果,二氧化硫和氮氧化物进气负荷应分别＜140 g/（m³·h）和20 g/（m³·h）,循环液pH=7～8,空床停留时间为30.28 s,喷淋密度为8.81 L/（m³·h）。     

花叶芦竹水平潜流人工湿地脱氮性能研究

采用花叶芦竹水平潜流人工湿地处理生活污水,对其脱氮性能进行研究。结果表明：在HRT＝5 d,对TOC,NH⁺₄-N,NO^-₂-N,NO^-₃-N和TN的去除效果分别达到92％、93％、84％、51％和88％,相应空白湿地的去除率分别为91％、85％、-232％、-203％和66％。大部分TOC在湿地的前端被去除。花叶芦竹可以直接吸收氮素,向湿地输送氧气,通过根系分泌物提供碳源。因此,花叶芦竹人工湿地具有很好的硝化反硝化能力,实现了良好的脱氮性能。     

N掺杂TiO_2光催化剂的制备及其H_2O_2改性的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱物,采用水解沉淀法制备了N掺杂TiO_2光催化剂和H_2O_2改性的N掺杂TiO_2光催化剂.实验表明,H_2O_2改性的N掺杂TiO_2光催化剂的最佳制备条件为:氨水(质量分数28%)加入量20 mL,焙烧温度500 ℃,H_2O_2(质量分数30%)加入量2.0 mL.日光下,N掺杂TiO_2光催化剂及H_2O_2改性的N掺杂TiO_2光催化剂在反应90 min时的活性红紫去除率达99%,它们对活性红紫的去除率远高于P_(25)TiO_2光催化剂.H_2O_2改性的N掺杂TiO_2光催化剂中N质量分数比改性前明显提高,制备的两种催化剂中不仅含有N元素,同时还含有C和H元素.     

降低蒸氨废水中的氨氮含量的措施

主要介绍南昌长力钢铁股份有限公司焦化厂在增加1座60孔捣固型焦炉后,原有顶装焦炉和捣固型焦炉共用1套化产回收系统的情况下如何降低蒸氨废水中氨氮含量的措施.     

Seasonal Differences in the Levels of Gaseous Air Pollutants in the Vicinity of a Waste Dump

Hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, mercaptans and sulphur dioxide (H₂S, NH₃, NO₂, R-SH, SO₂) concentrations were measured at the location in the vicinity of the waste dump to determine the air pollution level of these pollutants prior to the operation of the Mobile Thermal Treatment Plant. Samples were collected over one year period. Seasonal differences, and the influence of meteorological parameters (temperature, relative humidity, pressure and wind direction) on the air pollution levels were studied. Results show relatively low concentrations of H₂S, NO₂, R-SH and SO₂, while NH₃ levels were higher compared to the guideline values. Good weather conditions (high air pressure and low relative humidity) are connected to long range transport of NO₂, while higher temperatures result in elevated NH₃ and R-SH concentrations. Because of the predominant northeast wind direction (the same as the waste dump direction), the contribution of air pollution from the direction of the waste dump at the measuring site is significant, but that does not necessarily mean that the pollutants originated from that source.     

Measurements and Modelling of Air Pollution in a Street Canyon in Helsinki

A measuring campaign was conducted in the street canyon 'Runeberg street' in Helsinki in 1997. Hourly concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO_X), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and ozone (O₃) were measured at the street and roof levels, and the relevant hourly meteorological parameters were measured at the roof level. The hourly street level measurements and on-site electronic traffic counts were conducted during the whole year 1997, and roof level measurements were conducted during approximately two months, from 3 March to 30 April in 1997. The Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM) was used to calculate the street concentrations and the results were compared with the measurements. The overall agreement between measured and predicted concentrations was good for CO and NO_x, but the model slightly overestimated the measured concentrations of NO₂. The database, which contains all measured and predicted data, is available for a further testing of other street canyon dispersion models.     

炸药废水中TNR含量直接光度法测定的研究

以三硝基间苯二酚 ( TNR)溶于水后 ,溶液呈现出明显的亮黄色 ,据此直接用光度法对炸药废水中 TNR的含量进行了测定 ,并论证了光度法的测试条件。同时以消解测氮法进行印证 ,结果表明方法具有可行性     

水质总氮、总磷在线自动分析仪的发展现状

对水质总氮和总磷在线自动分析仪的方法原理,主要类型,主要技术特点以及主要仪器型号等发展现状进行了评述。