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761.
762.
H. Plaisance S. Sauvage P. Coddeville R. Guillermo 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1998,51(3):657-671
The variability in performance of three precipitation sensor types, mounted on three identical wet-only collectors, has been compared for eight months at a single site. The catch efficiencies, determined from the sample volumes, are relatively high for these three apparatuses, since they exceed 89% on average. The recorded data of openings and closings of collector lids reveal that the highest losses of collection efficiency, observed for rainfalls of low intensity and low amount, are largely imputable to design and running characteristics of each sensor. Ionic compositions between the samples of these three collectors are relatively close, although significant differences are especially found for H+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+, suggesting that these apparatuses are differently exposed to the dry deposition of soil particles. The RS 85 sensor seems to be the most suitable one of the three, since it ensures a high catch efficiency for all rain types and tends to limit the exposures of funnel to the dry deposition. 相似文献
763.
Don C. MacIver 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1998,49(2-3):177-189
Strategies to conserve biodiversity need to include the monitoring, modelling, adaptation and regulation of the composition of the atmosphere. Atmospheric issues include climate variability and extremes; climate change; stratospheric ozone depletion; acid deposition; photochemical pollution; suspended particulate matter; and hazardous air pollutants. Coarse filter and fine filter approaches have been used to understand the complexity of the interactions between the atmosphere and biodiversity. In the first approach, climate-based models, using GIS technology, helped create future biodiversity scenarios under a 2 × CO2 atmosphere. In the second approach, the SI/MAB forest biodiversity monitoring protocols helped calibrate the climate-forest biodiversity baseline and, as global diagnostics, helped identify where the biodiversity was in equilibrium with the present climate. Forest climate monitoring, an enhancing protocol, was used in a co-location approach to define the thermal buffering capacity of forest ecosystems and their ability to reduce and ameliorate global climate variability, extremes and change. 相似文献
764.
765.
北京市大气颗粒物PM2.5,PM10及降雪中的汞 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
研究了北京大气颗粒物PM25,PM10及降雪中的汞.结果表明,北京大气颗粒物PM25中汞的浓度为024—179ng·m-3,PM10中汞的浓度为038—302ng·m-3,冬季PM25和PM10中汞的浓度明显高于夏季;北京大气可吸入颗粒物中的汞均以细粒子(≤25μm)为主,冬季细粒子中汞的浓度高是细粒子多且其汞含量高共同作用的结果,而夏季则是细粒子中汞的含量高.降雪中汞的浓度在106—162ng·l-1之间,降雪中可溶性汞为总汞的一半左右. 相似文献
766.
Clayton Ogg 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(5):1015-1021
Manures and fertilizers are applied to agricultural lands in excess of recommended amounts, resulting in widespread pollution of surface and ground water and contributing a substantial source of greenhouse gases associated with global warming. By developing policies that exploit the value of farm produced nutrients, input costs can be minimized. Better accounting for or crediting of farm produced nutrients is leading to economically beneficial conservation of fertilizer. In addition, hog producers who own enough land may benefit from properly managing manure nutrients. Poultry litter is valuable as fertilizer and can be marketed by independent dealers to farmers in nutrient deficit areas, with very modest assistance from the government. Dairy producers may modify their past income support programs to finance central compost facilities. Although nutrient problems were neglected in the past, recent Federal initiatives and joint initiatives with states exploit many of these and other opportunities to avoid excessive application of nutrients to the land. 相似文献
767.
768.
水稻土中胱氨酸分解产生含硫气体的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
测定在室内培养情况下南京水稻土中挥发性含硫气体的释放.结果表明,该土壤中产生H2S、羰基硫(COS)和二甲基硫(MDS)气体.当土壤中加入胱氨酸后,检测到甲硫醇(CH3SH)、二硫化碳(CS2)、COS、H2S和DMS气体.除DMS之外,这些气体的释放量随胱氨酸添加量增加而增加.据此推测,水稻土中胱氨酸的分解可能是CH3SH、CS2、COS、H2S等4种气体产生释放的来源之一.在厌氧条件(充氮淹水)下检测到的含硫气体低于好氧条件(普通大气淹水).光照、pH值、土壤含水量等对含硫气体的释放量均有影响 相似文献
769.
770.
吉林省城市大气降水pH值时空分异及成因 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
通过对吉林省8个代表城市1992-1997年大气降水观测数据的统计分析,对大气降水PH值的时空分异进行了探讨。结果表明:吉林省中西部城市大气降水基本呈中性;东部的图们,珲春两市大气降水酸化亚得,多年平均降水PH分别为5.12和5.38;全省碱性降水多集中在吉林市。 相似文献