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831.
Don C. MacIver 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1998,49(2-3):177-189
Strategies to conserve biodiversity need to include the monitoring, modelling, adaptation and regulation of the composition of the atmosphere. Atmospheric issues include climate variability and extremes; climate change; stratospheric ozone depletion; acid deposition; photochemical pollution; suspended particulate matter; and hazardous air pollutants. Coarse filter and fine filter approaches have been used to understand the complexity of the interactions between the atmosphere and biodiversity. In the first approach, climate-based models, using GIS technology, helped create future biodiversity scenarios under a 2 × CO2 atmosphere. In the second approach, the SI/MAB forest biodiversity monitoring protocols helped calibrate the climate-forest biodiversity baseline and, as global diagnostics, helped identify where the biodiversity was in equilibrium with the present climate. Forest climate monitoring, an enhancing protocol, was used in a co-location approach to define the thermal buffering capacity of forest ecosystems and their ability to reduce and ameliorate global climate variability, extremes and change. 相似文献
832.
833.
The present study investigated the fate and transport of two significant anions through soil to explore their potential as groundwater contaminants. The retention properties of chloride and sulfate in soils having several significantly different characteristics (soil‐1 and soil‐2) were determined using adsorption test and adsorption‐diffusion column experiments. The maximum adsorption capacity of chloride was 3.7 and 1.16 mg/g, respectively, in soil‐1 and soil‐2, with organic matter (OM) content of 3.92% and 4.69%, respectively. The sulfate adsorption obtained was 24.09% and 13.83%, respectively, in the two soils. The anions exhibited monolayer adsorption in the soils with replacement of hydroxyl ions from soils as the major mechanism of adsorption. On the other hand, the adsorption capacities obtained from the adsorption‐diffusion column experiment were about 100 times lower compared to that of the column tests of both of the soils. The maximum adsorption capacity of chloride was 0.03 mg/g and 0.01 mg/g, respectively, in soil‐1 and soil‐2, whereas that of sulfate was 0.04 mg/g and 0.03 mg/g. The empirical relation for depth of penetration (d) from a known spillage onto the soil surface was determined as a function of sorption capacity (S) and initial anion concentration (C) as d = 0.0073e(?57S)C and d = 0.0038e(?35S)C for chloride and sulfate, respectively. 相似文献
834.
835.
836.
北京市大气颗粒物PM2.5,PM10及降雪中的汞 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
研究了北京大气颗粒物PM25,PM10及降雪中的汞.结果表明,北京大气颗粒物PM25中汞的浓度为024—179ng·m-3,PM10中汞的浓度为038—302ng·m-3,冬季PM25和PM10中汞的浓度明显高于夏季;北京大气可吸入颗粒物中的汞均以细粒子(≤25μm)为主,冬季细粒子中汞的浓度高是细粒子多且其汞含量高共同作用的结果,而夏季则是细粒子中汞的含量高.降雪中汞的浓度在106—162ng·l-1之间,降雪中可溶性汞为总汞的一半左右. 相似文献
837.
SiO2掺杂对Ru-TiO2催化剂的结构及其对丁二酸湿式氧化活性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在TiO2粉末中掺杂SiO2,制备0—20%的SiO2TiO2载体.利用浸渍法在载体上负载Ru,制备Ru/SiO2TiO2催化剂.结果表明,催化剂的晶相以锐钛矿为主,晶粒尺寸为30—50nm.掺杂的SiO2主要为无定型,以5—15nm分散于催化剂中,比表面积随SiO2掺杂量的增加显著增大,但对TiO2的晶体结构无明显影响,也未形成Si—O—Ti键.Ru因粒径细化及含量过低未产生衍射峰.在300ml间歇式反应釜中,反应温度210—270℃,初始氧分压085MPa条件下,对丁二酸(74g·l-1,COD=7000mg·l-1)的催化湿式氧化结果表明,SiO2掺杂量对COD的去除率有显著影响,掺杂10%SiO2的催化剂对COD的去除率最高.在连续十次运行中,COD的去除率保持在85%左右,活性未见降低. 相似文献
838.
新型生物脱氮技术的工艺研究 总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28
以上流式厌氧污泥床反应器( U A S B) 作为厌氧氨氧化(anam mox) 反应器,用无机盐培养液完成了反应器的启动,并稳态运行anam mox 反应器.采用生物膜反应器作为生物硝化反应器,以无机盐培养液完成反应器的启动.将硝化反应器和anammox 反应器组合在一起构成新型生物脱氮系统,以硝化反应器的出水作为anammox反应器的进水,同时补充相应数量的 N H4 + N.整个系统的总氮容积去除率可达1 577 mg L- 1 d - 1 .该新型生物脱氮系统能同时去除 N H4 + N 和 N O X- N,并且对高浓度的 N H4 + N 去除具有较大的潜力. 相似文献
839.
Oxidative treatment of simulated dyehouse effluent by uv and near-UV light assisted Fenton's reagent 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
UV/Fenton, near-UV-visible/Fenton, dark Fenton, and H2O2/UV reactions have been used to treat simulated dyehouse effluents representing wastewater from the textile dyeing and rinsing process. Experiments were carried out in a lab - scale photochemical reactor using concentrations of 0.5–25 mM H2O2, 0.04-0.5 mM Fe2+-ion and different dilutions of textile wastewater. To assess the extent of mineralization, decolourization kinetics and the effect of different fight sources on treatment efficiency, DOC, optical density at 254 nm and 600 nm wavelength and residual H2O2 concentrations were measured during the course of the advanced oxidation reactions. Comparative evaluation of the obtained results revealed that the decolourization rate increased with applied H2O2 and Fe2+-ion dose as well as the strength of the synthetic textile wastewater. The best results were obtained by the near - UV/visible/Fenton process with a decolourization rate constant of 1.57 min−1, a UV254nm reduction of 97% and a DOC removal of 41% at relatively low doses of the H2O2 oxidant and Fe2+-ion catalyst within 60 min treatment time. 相似文献
840.
Gregory C. Luther Joko Mariyono Raden M. Purnagunawan Ben Satriatna Martin Siyaranamual 《Natural resources forum》2018,42(2):71-82
This study assesses the impact of farmer field schools (FFS) on the productivity of vegetable farming in vegetable‐producing areas of East Java and Bali, Indonesia. The FFS have equipped over 3,000 vegetable farmers with integrated crop management knowledge applicable to chilies and tomatoes. The FFS are expected to enhance farmers’ capacity such that they can increase production. This study employs a difference‐in‐differences (DiD) method to overcome selection bias. A survey of 250 FFS‐graduated farmers and 250 non‐FFS farmers were purposively randomly selected from the overall community of farmers. Focus group discussion was used to support the survey. The results indicate that FFS were successful for enhancing farmers’ capability in vegetable farming. Farmers who participated in FFS have higher productivity than those who did not. Farmers also could adapt and adopt the knowledge gained from FFS as they underwent a process of learning by doing. The impacts of the increase in farmers’ capacity can be more evident if weaknesses during the FFS preparation and implementation can be overcome, to ensure more participation, flexibility to fit different conditions/needs and continuous learning. 相似文献