天空蓝色饱和程度与城市空气质量等级的相关性

以大气散射理论为基础,结合颜色学、大气环境监测及城市空气质量日报等相关原理,从理论分析与实证研究2个方面证实了天空蓝色饱和程度与城市空气质量等级之间存在着显著的负相关性,即:天空蓝色饱和程度越低,空气污染等级越高,空气质量状况越差;天空蓝色饱和程度越高,空气污染等级较低,空气质量状况越好;通过相关及回归分析与检验,制得“城市空气质量等级目测色卡”,适用于晴朗天气肉眼观察天空颜色,进而目测估计空气质量等级状况,以采取必要防护措施。     

长江口柱状沉积物中有机质C/N比的研究

对长江口四个站位沉积物中有机质的C／N比在垂向上的分布进行了研究，在影响沉积物中有机质C／N比的环境因素中，上覆水体的水深、盐度、密度以及浊度对其有一定的影响．在研究沉积物中有机质C／N比的分布及其影响因素的基础上，进一步估算了陆源输入和海洋自生有机碳在这四个站位沉积物有机碳中所占的比例，结果表明，海洋自生组分占沉积物总有机碳的比例分别为：53．57％(8号站位)、20．34％(11号站位)，12．28％(17号站位)和32．73％(26号站位)．     

大气苯酚对蚕桑污染毒性

本文以桑树和家蚕为试验生物，采用静态模拟熏气和自然污染调查相结合的方法，对大气苯酚污染蚕桑引起家蚕生长发育障碍进行了观察、分析，认为大气苯酚以间歇性较高浓度侵入蚕室时，会直接致蚕中毒；大气中苯酚以持续较低浓度作用时桑叶内会累积苯酚，间接对象蚕有毒害。家蚕受害后，轻则表现力食欲不振，群体发育不齐，体色灰暗、体重减轻、主要经济性状下降，重则死亡。，Ｆ＿（０．０１）＝２．８０说明因熏气处理次数引起盛食蚕体重变化的差异极显著，也即较高浓度的苯酚气会直接危害家蚕生长、发育。综上所述，在有关工厂附近大气内苯酚浓度虽然不是很高，也没有被正式列入监测范围，因此也没有监测指标。但此浓度下桑叶内会累积苯酚，家蚕食叶则会间接遭受其危害；如急性排放的苯酚气侵入蚕室，则会对家蚕直接致害，造成经济性状下降，甚至死亡。苯酚是有机毒物，食品上禁用早有规定，如何防止大气苯酚在生态系统中积累、迁移，保障陆地生物包括人类免受其毒害，是值得引起重视的环境问题。     

生态环境质量物元可拓评价及实例分析

生态环境质量评价属于环境质量评价的重要方面。为了探索建立生态环境质量评价的方法，尝试运用物元可拓的方法来建立生态环境质量评价模型，并且通过用该方法对土壤生态环境质量评价实例验证物元可拓方法的可行性，得到该土壤生态环境质量评价等级值为3．73。从而为尚处在探索发展阶段的生态环境质量评价方法提供一种新思路。     

It's a dirty job but someone has to do it: The role of marine benthic macrofauna in organic matter turnover and nutrient recycling to the water column

Benthic macrofaunal populations through their feeding, bioturbation, burrow construction and sediment irrigation activities have profound influences on organic matter inputs to marine sediments (biodeposition) and on the vertical distribution of deposited organic matter within the sediment. These effects in turn influence the rates and pathways of organic matter mineralisation, and element cycles. Similarly, bioturbation, burrow construction and burrow irrigation are major determinants of sediment-water column fluxes of oxygen and nutrients.

In this review, I discuss the influences of the different benthic macrofaunal feeding (functional) groups on mineralisation processes and sediment-water column fluxes of particulate and dissolved nutrients. How these effects influence diagenic processes, the balance between aerobic and anaerobic processes, and the redox status of the surficial sediments. Finally, I discuss some of the limitations of the predominantly laboratory techniques which have been used to study “macrofaunal effects” and how this hinders the inclusion of the effects in quantitative sediment biogeochemical models.     

不同氮肥与磷肥的互作效应

利用盆栽试验研究了潮土中不同氮肥与磷肥的互作效应，结果表明：不同氮肥与磷肥的配合施用对潮土中油菜的生长和养分吸收有显著的交互作用。生长初期，施氮并不能促进、甚至会抑制油菜的生长，氯化铵较其它氮肥作用突出。随着生长期的延长，氮肥对油荣生长的促进作用逐渐显现，但氯化铵的促进作刚仍低于其它氮肥。植株养分累积受不同氮肥影响的规律与植株干物质累积表现的规律基本一致。土壤有效磷含最受不同氮肥影响较小，而水溶性磷含量因施用不同氮肥表现出显著的差异，特别是在生长初期的土壤中。相关分析结果表明，油菜生长初期的干物质质量与土壤水溶性磷含量达到极显著相关（r=0．727^＊＊）。因此推测，不同氮肥对油菜生长的影响可能因氮肥降低土壤中磷的有效性所致，这些结果对今后的合理施肥提供了重要的参考依据。     

近中国海域大气微量元素输入量研究

本文研究了我国近海海域海上气溶胶的微量元素浓度的变化，它的来源、输送，以及某些微量元素沉降于该海域的总沉降量。初步研究估计尘土气溶胶沉降于近海海域的总沉降量为：（１５－８００）×１０＾１０ｇ／ａ；大气尘土总沉降量约占输入黄海海域每年泥沙总输入量的１－３５％。     

Dissolved Organic Matter in Forest Soils: Sources, Complexing Properties and Action On Herbaceous Plants

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important component of plant-soil systems. Its essential role in soil solution chemistry, soil-forming processes and its effects on biota, including soil fauna, bacteria, fungi and plants, is extensively documented in literature. in this contribution several forest leaf litter types are compared as sources of DOM and the released organics are subjected to gel permeation chromatography to reveal their molecular-size distribution. Moreover, complexing properties, as an indication for the podzolization potential of the litter leachates, were established. the occurrence and properties of DOM in different soil horizons were monitored beneath a stand of Scots pine. the effects of the different groups of soluble organics including phenolic, fulvic and humic acids, and of water-extractable humic substances on the performance of herbaceous plants of the forest floor are briefly reviewed.     

High Cu and Cd pollution in sediments from Sisimiut, Greenland. Adsorption to organic matter and fine particles

High concentrations of Cu of up to 200 mg/kg, and Cd of up to 4.0 mg/kg, were found in sediments from the aquatic environment around Sisimiut, Greenland. These concentrations are four times higher than the limiting concentration where toxicological effects are expected. The pollution could be linked to human activities in Sisimiut, a link that have not been investigated previously in Greenland. Except from the most polluted samples there was good correlation between heavy metal concentration and organic matter. Also some relationship between fine fraction and heavy metal concentration was observed.     

Dynamics of soil organic matter in primary and secondary forest succession on sandy soils in The Netherlands: An application of the ROMUL model

We applied the simulation model ROMUL of soil organic matter dynamics in order to analyse and predict forest soil organic matter (SOM) changes following stand growth and also to identify gaps of data and modelling problems. SOM build-up was analysed (a) from bare sand to forest soil during a primary succession in Scots pine forest and (b) on mature forest soil under Douglas fir plantations as an example of secondary succession in The Netherlands. As some of the experimental data were unreliable we compiled a set of various scenarios with different soil moisture regime, initial SOM pools and amount and quality of above and below ground litter input. This allowed us to find the scenarios that reflect the SOM dynamics more realistically. In the Scots pine forest, total litter input was estimated as 0.50 kg m⁻² year⁻¹. Two scenarios were defined for the test runs: (a) forest floor moisture regimes—‘dry, mesic and hydric’ and (b) augmenting a root litter pool with three ratios of needles and branches to roots: 1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2.0. The scenario finally compiled had the following characteristics: (a) climate for dry site with summer drought and high winter moisture of forest floor; (b) a litter input of 0.25 kg m⁻² year⁻¹ above ground and 0.50 kg m⁻² year⁻¹ below ground; (c) a low nitrogen and ash content in all litter fall fractions. The test runs for the estimation of the initial SOM pools and the amount and proportion of above and below ground litter fall were also performed in the Douglas fir plantation. The inputs of above ground litter tested in various combinations were 0.30 and 0.60 kg m⁻² year⁻¹, and below ground litter 0.30, 0.60 and 0.90 kg m⁻² year⁻¹. The scenario that fitted the experimental data had an SOM pool of 20–25 kg m⁻², an aboveground litter input of 0.6 kg m⁻² year⁻¹and a below ground litter input of 0.9 kg m⁻² year⁻¹. The long-term simulation corresponded well with the observed patterns of soil organic matter accumulation associated with the forest soil development in primary and secondary succession. During primary succession in Scots pine forest on dry sand there is a consistent accumulation of a raw humus forest floor. The soil dynamics in the Douglas fir plantation also coincide with the observed patterns of SOM changes during the secondary succession, with SOM decreasing significantly under young forest, and SOM being restored in the older stands.