石油化工生产中的吸收过程防火

吸收操作在石油化工企业应用广泛，但其过程存在大量的易燃可燃物质，有形成爆炸性浓度的可能性，设备内压易升高，设备易腐蚀，生产中可能产生引火源，发生事故相互影响大等火灾特点。本文根据工艺及设备特点，分析了其生产过程中存在的危险因素和条件，总结了火灾爆炸事故的预防措施与技术。     

冷原子吸收光度法测定工业用浓盐酸中痕量汞

通过进样管道的设计,可能存在的干扰,以及工作参数的详细研究,建立了用冷原子吸收光度法直接测定工业用浓盐酸中痕量汞的分析方法。实际样品测定结果表明,该方法可靠,准确可行。     

甲基橙褪色法测定生活饮用水中余氯的探讨

在酸性介质中,余氯使甲基橙褪色,最大吸收波长510 nm,摩尔吸光系数A510=5.41×10-3 l/mol·cm,余氯质量浓度在(0.05～1.00) mg/l范围内遵守朗伯--比耳定律.对甲基橙溶液的加入量、样品溶液褪色后其吸光值的稳定性等方面作了条件试验,同时与邻联甲苯胺(OT)比色法和N,N-二乙基对苯二胺(DPD)分光光度法进行比对测定,结果表明三种方法测定结果基本一致.     

瓜尔豆胶废水预处理的方法研究

根据瓜尔豆胶在生产食品添加剂的过程中产生的废水COD的值高迭216000mg/l的特点,分别用如下方法进行处理①调pH=6.84,按0.5%质量比加入活性炭吸附剂,静止20天,此时去除率为87.7%;②用饱和硫酸铝2mL 适量的聚丙烯酰胺絮凝,去除率为36.5%;③原液先蒸馏出1/4体积后在釜液中按3%的质量比加入Ca(OH)2,计算去除率为89.6%④利用铁炭屑以5:1的质量比形成微电池的方法作用两小时后再按3%的质量比加Ca(OH)2絮凝,此条件下去除率高达91.7%.经过比较得出第四种方法是最经济有效的,对该特种废水起到了很好的预处理作用.     

4－AAP萃取光度法以蒸馏水代替无酚水测定地面水中挥发酚

４－氨基安替比林（简称４－ＡＡＰ）萃取光度法测酚是灵敏度很高的标准分析方法。该方法要求使用无酚水。本文经过实验分析提出以蒸馏水代替无酚水测定地面水中挥发酚，结果表明，本方法检出限为０．０１７ｍｇ／ｌ，具有较高的精密度和准确度。本法省略了制备无酚水的程序，从而使实验分析得到简化。     

紫外分光光度法在处理废水中的应用

根据二沉池出水特点，指出了以260nm紫外光(F260)评价处理二沉池出水的理论依据，然后确定了E260与COD的关系式为：E260=0．008COD 0．083。最后以E260为评价指标，比较了3种无饥混凝剂在不同pH值条件下对城市二沉池出水的COD去除效果，确定了最佳混凝剂为三氯化铁(FC)及混凝条件：pH4．5，投药量Fe^3 为32mg/L。     

细水雾阻隔火焰热辐射的模拟研究

从热辐射传递方程出发，根据Mie散射理论,考虑雾滴对热辐射的散射和吸收特性，建立细水雾阻隔火焰热辐射的两通量模型，并给出简化算法；同时建立小尺度模拟实验系统，对理论模型进行验证。结果表明，两通量模型较为合理地预测了细水雾对火焰热辐射的衰减作用。在此基础上，应用上述理论模型进一步探讨火焰温度、细水雾特性参数、雾场厚度对阻隔热辐射效率的影响，为细水雾系统的实际工程应用提供了理论和依据。     

A Parallel Study of SAR Levels in Head Tissues for Three Antennas Used in Cellular Telephones: Monopole, Helix and Patch

Summary This paper is a comparative study of several antennas commonly used in cellular telephones. These include a monopole, a helix-monopole and a patch antenna. Each one of these structures is modeled and numerically tested using finite-difference time-domain simulation and human models based on magnetic-resonance images, which allow for inclusion of details of the human body in the simulation. The testing procedure involves antenna simulation in the proximity of the human head. The behavior of each antenna is evaluated for variable distances from the head geometry (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mm). Continuous waveform, representative of the sources used in mobile telephones, (250 mW, 1.8 GHz) is used as the form of the antenna excitation. The simulation outputs used as measures for this comparative study include transmitting and receiving antenna characteristics and the specific absorption rate (SAR). The SAR levels for the head tissues are calculated for and with accordance to the two currently accepted standards: Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The computed SAR levels within each of the considered tissues vary for the three antennas under investigation and are within the determined health safety standards. Results suggest that the patch antenna may be the structure of choice when considering safety standards, as its radiation yields the lowest local SAR in the head tissues.     

MODELING LIGHT ATTENUATION,SECCHI DISK,AND EFFECTS OF TRIPTON IN SENACA RIVER,NEW YORK,USA1

The development, testing, and application of a probabilistic model framework for the light attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance (K_d) and Secchi disc transparency (SD) that resolves the effects of several light attenuating constituents, including phytoplankton and nonliving particles (tripton), is documented. The model is consistent with optical theory, partitioning the magnitudes of the light attenuating processes of absorption and scattering according to the contributions of attenuating constituents as simple summations. The probabilistic framework accommodates variations in the character and concentrations of these constituents and ambient conditions during measurements, and recognizes a linear relationship between the magnitudes of absorption and scattering by tripton. The model is tested and applied for a 21 km reach of the Seneca River, New York, that features optical gradients caused by an intervening hypereutrophic lake and dam, and a severe infestation of the exotic zebra mussel. The model is applied to resolve the roles of phytoplankton and tripton in regulating measured longitudinal patterns of SD along the study reach of the river and increases in SD since the zebra mussel invasion, and to predict decreases in K_d since the invasion.     

Plasma concentrations of sucralose in children and adults

We aimed to measure concentrations of the commonly used artificial sweetener sucralose, following ingestion of doses reflecting a range of consumption and to compare concentrations in children and adults. Eleven adults consumed 355 mL water containing 0 mg (control), 68, 170, or 250 mg sucralose (equivalent to 1–4 diet sodas). A second group of adults (n = 11) consumed 355 mL Diet Rite Cola? (68 mg sucralose and 41 mg acesulfame-potassium (ace-K)) or 68 mg sucralose and 41 mg ace-K in seltzer. Beverages were provided at separate visits in randomized order, prior to an oral glucose tolerance test. Eleven children consumed 0 or 68 mg sucralose in 240 mL water, in an identical study design. Blood was collected before beverage ingestion and serially for 120 min. Sucralose doses (corrected for weight) resulted in similar plasma concentrations in children and adults. Concentrations were comparable whether sucralose was administered in water, combined with ace-K, or in diet soda. Due to their lower body weight and blood volume, children have markedly higher plasma sucralose concentrations after the consumption of a typical diet soda, emphasizing the need to determine the clinical implications of sucralose use in children.