油田高含盐污水雾化蒸发的数值模拟

基于FLUENT软件,对油田高含盐污水的雾化蒸发过程进行了数值模拟,得到了逆流型雾化蒸发塔内的流场分布特性,对比分析了不同操作参数对蒸发效果的影响。结果表明:液滴蒸发速率沿塔体中心轴线自上而下呈加快趋势;进口空气流速与温度是影响液滴蒸发的关键操作参数,提高流速及温度均可加快液滴的蒸发速率;当进口空气流速达到0.4 m/s后,对蒸发速率的影响减弱;当进口空气温度达到313 K后,对蒸发速率的提高作用不大;喷雾锥角的变化对蒸发速率影响不明显;液滴越细化,蒸发速率越快。     

湿法脱硫喷淋塔单层喷淋雾化性能试验

在建立的试验台上,以压力作为间接指标,采用旋流喷嘴和螺旋喷嘴.对喷淋塔单层喷淋工况下的雾化性能进行了试验.试验表明,塔断面压力、断面上雾化粒径及雾滴在喷淋段分散不均匀,对气流分布的作用不明显;随循环液流量或气体流量增大,断面平均静压、全压减小,喷淋段阻力增大,雾化粒径减小;喷嘴形式对喷淋塔的雾化系统影响较大.相比较而言,螺旋喷嘴单层布置喷淋段雾化较均匀.利于均匀分布气流.     

柴油机Urea-SCR系统喷射雾化的数值模拟

为研究柴油机Urea-SCR系统喷射雾化规律,应用CFD软件建立喷射雾化模型,对喷嘴喷射距离、喷射位置与方向、喷孔数目与孔径对催化剂载体入口处的浓度分布情况的影响进行了数值模拟。结果表明,喷嘴距反应器距离为排气管直径5倍为宜;采用四喷孔、孔径为0.5 mm、喷嘴处于管道中心,喷射方向为径向时喷射雾化均匀性最好。通过台架实验,验证了采用喷距5D、径向、四孔、小孔径喷嘴方案可使NOx的转化率达到95%以上。     

液体气溶胶抑制受限空间内烃类挥发的实验研究

在含有残留油品的受限空间内作业时,易发生油气燃爆事故。利用两性离子型氟碳表面活性剂组分制备了具有低表面张力的抑爆剂溶液,能够在易挥发烃类液体表面自由铺展成液膜,从而对烃类液体形成液封,抑制油气挥发。利用超细雾化装置,能够将抑爆剂溶液雾化形成液体气溶胶,气力输送至受限空间内。实验验证了受限空间内液体气溶胶中的微小液滴能够沉积在残留油品的表面形成液封,同时液滴和液膜的气液界面能够吸收空间内的油气分子,从而降低空间内的油气浓度。研究证明,利用抑爆剂液体气溶胶混合物来置换含残留油品受限空间内的油气,能够将受限空间内的油气浓度长久维持在10%LEL(Lower Explosion Limit)以下,降低空间内油气燃爆风险。     

麻石除尘器的技术改造

详细介绍了山西焦化股份有限公司针对锅炉除尘系统运行中存在的问题进行的多项技术改造，改造后其除尘效率得以提高，烟尘排放质量浓度达到国家一级标准。     

超声干雾抑尘机理及其技术参数优化研究

为改善超声波雾化效果,提高超声干雾的除尘效率,根据空气动力学、"云"物理学和斯蒂芬流输运原理,研究超声干雾抑尘机理。采用自行设计的雾流参数测定试验装置,研究压缩空气的压力(气压)、水流量等指标对超声雾化器雾化效果的影响,得出超声雾化器合理的供气压力和供水流量。选取烧结磁铁矿粉尘为呼吸性粉尘样品,在超声雾化器最佳运行条件下对其除尘效率进行测定。研究结果表明:微细水雾有利于呼吸性粉尘的捕集。超声雾化器的最佳运行条件为:气压0.35 MPa,水流量30 L/h。在此运行条件下,其对呼吸性粉尘的平均除尘效率为98.3%,最高可达98.6%。     

Spray atomization characteristics as a function of pesticide formulations and atomizer design

Abstract

The use of formulation adjuvants to increase the drop size of pesticide sprays has followed a practice which has evolved through many years of experimentation and development. The earliest materials used were simply designed to make the spray mix viscous on the premise that a mayonnaise‐like fluid would produce larger drops and hence increase the deposit efficiency. These viscomer materials, emulsions and water soluble thickeners such as starch and agars, as well as more complex cellulose materials, produced thick non‐Newtonian fluids which were difficult to mix, pump and spray, and provided questionable results. First, the larger drops reduced target coverage from a given volume of spray; and second, field tests with these definitely showed that a large volume of small drops were still being produced even with the thickest of formulations.

The next step in adjuvant evolution was the introduction of polyvinyl, polyacrylamide and polyamide elastomer materials. These polymers are also non‐Newtonian, but due to their peculiar molecular bonding, they have the capability of forming long string‐like streams which when atomized can retract into a spray of large drops. Pure forms of these polymers are blended by commercial producers to enable compatibility with pesticide chemicals. We have conducted a series of laboratory and wind tunnel tests; first, to try and establish some physical parameters identifying their characteristics and second, to determine how these adjuvants affect atomization and the production of small drift‐prone drops (i.e., those smaller than 120 μm in diameter).

Our results with the laboratory studies of physical properties and of the wind tunnel drop size tests have been inconclusive. The elastomer materials have relatively low viscosity (1.5 to 6 mPa.s) and reduced surface tension (50 to 60 mN/m) but our stream‐flow extension tests were non‐productive. The drop size studies comparing water sprays with polymer‐water mixtures gave us a mixed picture. Generally drop size was increased for all of the fan (deflector and milled orifice) and cone type atomizers. But an increase was also indicated of the volume of spray in drops less than 120 μm showing that the polymer did not fully control the production of these small drops under all of the testing procedures we studied.

It is difficult to evaluate the capability of these additives for controlling or reducing production of the drift‐prone small drops. While the pure solutions of the water soluble polymers would appear to be capable of this desirable effect, it is also evident that in order to make these formulations compatible with pesticide spray solutions, several other solvents, emulsifiers and surface active chemicals are added to the formulation, thus affecting the atomization characteristics and hence their drift‐control capability.     

现代化农业温室的夏季降温研究及其发展

本文阐述了夏季温室的常用降温方法,并加以简要的比较,提出了超声波雾化加湿在夏季农业温室降温中的应用和其控制方法,预测今后农业温室降温的发展趋势。     

饮食业油烟净化工艺的新探索

针对饮食业厨房油烟组成及污染特点 ,在比较现有净化技术优缺点的基础上 ,提出了雾化湿法与过滤吸附相结合的油烟净化新工艺 ,且对油烟净化方法进行了新的探索。试验结果表明 :雾化湿法与过滤吸附相结合的净化工艺对油烟的去除效率在 92 %以上 ,净化后的油烟排放浓度符合国家标准 ,适合中、小型餐馆使用。     

烟气脱硫喷淋塔内液滴停留时间

对于烟气脱硫喷淋塔中的雾化浆液液滴在塔内的运动以及停留时间进行了分析计算。给出了液滴下落速度随时间的变化 ;计算了单个液滴及浆液总体的停留时间。结果表明 ,对于粒径为dp=1 3～ 3 0mm的单个液滴 ,停留时间为t=3 0～ 1 3s ;雾化液滴尺寸分布对总体停留时间影响显著 ;合适的雾化液滴尺寸应为dp=0 7～ 1 5mm。