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411.
412.
RM. Thirupathi R. Ben Ruben Jiju Antony 《International Journal of Sustainable Engineering》2019,12(2):95-107
Application of appropriate environmentally conscious manufacturing strategies enables the sustainable development of products and processes. Automotive component manufacturers recognise the potential of applying appropriate strategies for attaining Triple Bottom Line benefits. In this context, three strategies such as eco-efficiency, waste minimisation and material efficiency are being applied to minimise environmental impacts associated with the manufacture of automotive products and its associated processes. A case study of an automotive component manufacturing firm has been exemplified. After conducting the study, the potential environmental impact was reduced by 20% and eco-efficiency was improved by 13%. Further, improvements have been observed in terms of overall resource consumption and material efficiency. The overall power consumption was reduced by 18% and weight of the component was reduced by 11%. The study aimed at improving the sustainable performance of product by incorporating green and environmentally friendlier manufacturing practices.
Abbreviations: USEPA: United Nations Environmental Protection Agency; OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; WBCSD: World Business Council for Sustainable Development; Eco-QFD: Environmental Quality Function Deployment; WCED: World Commission on Environment and Development; LCA: Life Cycle Assessment 相似文献
413.
A Biosurfactant-Enhanced Soil Flushing for the Removal of Phenanthrene and Diesel in Sand 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In order to examine the potential of biosurfactants in soil remediation, and to investigate the effects of several operating conditions, such as flow rate, biosurfactant concentration and surfactant type, biosurfactant-enhanced soil flushing was conducted. In the biosurfactant-enhanced soil flushing process, the removal efficiency increased as the flow rate decreased. Rhamnolipid showed no effect on the removal efficiency of phenanthrene and diesel from sand in the concentration range 0.3-0.5%. However, rhamnolipid showed higher efficiencies for the removal of phenanthrene and diesel from sand than Tween 80. Based on total recovery, following an equivalent pore volume flush, it was more difficult to remove diesel than phenanthrene. In order to obtain the specific removal efficiency, more pore volumes of surfactant solution may be required in field applications. Under optimum conditions, the biosurfactant removed as much as 70% of the phenanthrene and 60% of the diesel in the sand. These results indicate that the use of biosurfactants in the flushing process is favorable, not only with respect to the environment, but also on removal efficiencies. 相似文献
414.
将非期望产出纳入到投入产出指标体系中,运用超效率DEA方法测算出2003~2012年中国29省区的全要素能源效率,利用Malmquist指数对西部地区全要素能源效率变动进行分解,并应用Tobit模型研究了西部地区全要素能源效率的影响因素.结果表明:西部地区全要素能源效率远低于东部地区,也略低于中部地区,说明西部地区整体能源利用效率较低;西部地区省际间全要素能源效率存在明显差异,但这种内部差异近年来逐步缩小;西部地区全要素能源效率在样本期间整体呈下降趋势,技术进步、纯技术效率变化、规模效率变化对全要素能源效率都有显著影响,技术退步是导致西部地区全要素能源效率下降的主要原因;产业结构优化和技术进步对提高全要素能源效率有积极作用,而能源价格和煤炭消费比重对全要素能源效率有负向影响. 相似文献
415.
通过介绍独山子石化分公司ISO14001管理体系建立和运行的主要做法和体会,着重分析了形成企业特色,保证贯标认证工作的实效性和经济性。 相似文献
416.
417.
ABSTRACT: This study investigates the degree of economic inefficiency of the current institutional arrangements for surface and ground water management in meeting urban water demand in the Jakarta region. A numerical model of integrated surface and ground water management is developed using GAMS (General Algebraic Modelling System) software. The model maximizes the net present value of social benefits from piped water and ground water consumption across all users over time from 1999 to 2025. Four policy scenarios are examined: the status quo, the social planner's solution, and two ground water pumping quota scenarios: an aggregate ground water pumping quota and a partial quota applied to commercial and industrial users. Three variations in each policy scenario are considered: investment in water infrastructure of the Jakarta water enterprise (PAM Jaya), water demand growth, and discount rates. The status quo, depending on the investment option, the growth of water demand, and the discount rate, results in a 7.4 to 47.8 percent loss in economic efficiency relative to the social planner's solution. The partial quota is the most feasible, applicable, and manageable scenario. The optimal investment option could increase the volume of piped water supply and reduce the cost of water production. The volume of water delivery could increase by up to 156 percent, but it implies only a 35 percent increase in the surface raw water demands above the current level. However, it does not significantly reduce cumulative ground water extraction over the time period considered. 相似文献
418.
419.
Picazo-Tadeo AJ Gómez-Limón JA Reig-Martínez E 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(4):1154-1164
This paper assesses farming eco-efficiency using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) techniques. Eco-efficiency scores at both farm and environmental pressure-specific levels are computed for a sample of Spanish farmers operating in the rain-fed agricultural system of Campos County. The determinants of eco-efficiency are then studied using truncated regression and bootstrapping techniques. We contribute to previous literature in this field of research by including information on slacks in the assessment of the potential environmental pressure reductions in a DEA framework. Our results reveal that farmers are quite eco-inefficient, with very few differences emerging among specific environmental pressures. Moreover, eco-inefficiency is closely related to technical inefficiencies in the management of inputs. Regarding the determinants of eco-efficiency, farmers benefiting from agri-environmental programs as well as those with university education are found to be more eco-efficient. Concerning the policy implications of these results, public expenditure in agricultural extension and farmer training could be of some help to promote integration between farming and the environment. Furthermore, Common Agricultural Policy agri-environmental programs are an effective policy to improve eco-efficiency, although some doubts arise regarding their cost-benefit balance. 相似文献
420.
John E. Keith Rangesan Narayanan 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1988,24(6):1247-1256
ABSTRACF: Examination of a series of studies of the economically efficient water allocations in the Upper Colorado River, Yellowstone River, and Great Basins indicate that water is not a serious general physical constraint on the development of energy resources, so long as public institutions do not hinder the exchange of water rights in markets. Energy development will cause limited impacts on other water-using sectors, principally agriculture. There appears to be little reason to develop large-scale water storage facilities, even during periods of reduced water production. Water storage developments appear to be necessary only when institutional constraints severely restrict water rights markets and transfers. 相似文献