Optimization of test interval for ageing equipment: A multi-objective genetic algorithm approach

Reducing the unavailability of safety systems at nuclear power plants, by utilizing the probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) methodology, is one of the prime goals in the nuclear industry. In that sense, optimization of test and maintenance activities, which are defined within the technical specifications, represents quite popular and interesting domain. Obtaining optimal test and maintenance schedule is of great significance for improving system availability and performance as well as plant availability in general.On the other side, equipment aging has gradually become a major concern in the nuclear industry since the number of safety systems components, that are approaching their wear-out stage, is rising fast. Nuclear power plants life management programs, considering safety components aging, are being developed and employed. The immense uncertainty associated to the available component aging rates databases poses significant difficulties in the process of incorporation and quantification of the aging effect within the PSA and, subsequently, in the decision-making process.In this paper, an approach for optimization of surveillance test interval of standby equipment with highly uncertain aging parameters, based on genetic algorithm technique and PSA, is presented. A standard standby safety system in nuclear power plant is selected as a case study. A Monte Carlo simulation-based approach is used to assess uncertainty propagation on system level. Optimal test interval is derived on the basis of minimal system unavailability and minimal impact of components aging parameters uncertainty. The results obtained in this application indicate the fact that risk-informed surveillance requirements differ from existing ones in technical specifications as well as show the importance of considering aging data uncertainties in component aging modeling.     

Dependability assessment of network-based safety-related system

Advances in electronic integration and radio communication have led to the emergence of a new kind of safety systems, i.e. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). This network-based safety-related system is becoming more and more present in the domain of safety due to its easy deployment. It does not need a wire infrastructure and its range of applications is wide. Usually, such a system is composed of various nodes (sensors) collaborating to monitor a targeted phenomenon. In most cases, nodes are battery powered and this is the weakness of the system makes it necessary to design an energy saving policy. The present paper gives a dependability viewpoint of such a system. A modeling framework is suggested integrating the interdependency of the components. Stochastic Petri nets are used to implement this model and two heuristics to schedule component activity. The first is based on the proposed importance measures, the second on a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The aim is to conserve energy and so to extend WSN dependability.     

基于运行安全的停机位分配问题研究

随着民航运输业的发展,航班密度不断增加,相邻停机位间推出冲突概率不断增加。为合理分配大型繁忙机场停机位,兼顾安全与效率,建立基于运行安全的停机位分配问题优化模型。在模型中加入约束条件以避免潜在的推出冲突,以及考虑将重要航班优先分配到指定的旅客行走距离较短的停机位,来提高旅客的整体满意度。通过分析机位分配特点,选择性能比较优越的遗传算法进行求解。最后用实际算例进行验证,得到停机位分配甘特图以及算法收敛曲线。从结果中可以看到,停机位分配比较合理,算法收敛性能良好。就整体而言,达到了预期的要求。     

基于改进VRP模型的危险品配送路径优化及其求解研究

危险品道路运输高风险性,一直受到人们的广泛关注。危险品道路运输路径优化的研究,对于降低运输风险具有十分重要的意义。本文针对危险品运输配送过程中的路径优化问题,提出综合考虑道路运输的风险和费用两方面指标改进VRP模型路径优化目标,并设计遗传算法对改进模型进行了求解。最后通过实例进行了验证。结果表明：用遗传算法对改进VRP模型的求解结果与实际分析结果相符。因此,改进VRP模型及其遗传算法求解设计可以应用于危险品运输的路径优化分析。     

人员非均匀分布条件下的疏散引导方向优化算法研究

在紧急疏散中,疏散引导标识或疏散引导人能够帮助人员快速找到最近出口,有效减少疏散时间。疏散引导标识或人的引导方向一般是根据建筑布局情况预先进行设计,当前位置的引导方向指向最近的疏散出口。本文综合考虑了建筑布局及人员分布情况,提出了人员非均匀分布条件下的疏散引导方向优化算法。该算法以Togawa疏散时间经验公式作为估价函数,通过多次迭代的方法,求解疏散引导方向的优化值。以双出口的疏散场景为例,利用疏散软件Legion对优化前后疏散引导方向下的疏散时间进行了比较分析。结果表明,优化后的疏散引导方向能够引导人员充分利用疏散出口,疏散时间较仅考虑建筑布局所设计的疏散引导方向的模拟值降低了近四分之一,大大提高了疏散效率。     

雷电灾害风险评估系统开发与应用

根据国标《GB/T21714.2-2008雷电防护》的雷电灾害风险评估原理和方法,结合国标《GB50057-1994(2000年版)建筑防雷设计规范》和《GB50343-2004建筑物电子信息系统防雷技术规范》的相关方法,利用Del-phi7.0开发了集评估项目地理位置定位、闪电资料分析、建筑物评估和区域评估等功能的综合性雷电灾害风险评估系统。介绍了系统的需求分析、功能、特点和其中涉及的风险评估算法。利用该系统可快速、方便地完成各类项目雷电灾害风险评估工作,并自动生成word报告。     

Comparison of Aerosol Size-Distributions Using Linear-Regression, Genetic Algorithm, and Annealing Genetic Algorithm

Abstract Stability and accuracy of retrieving the aerosol size-distribution by using the linear-regression (LR), genetic algorithm (GA), and annealing genetic algorithm (AGA) were studied in detail. It was found that by using the AGA, retrieval results are quite stable and accurate; using the GA, stability and accuracy of the retrieval results decreased mildly but were still acceptable; and using the LR, retrieval results were too unstable to be acceptable. This conclusion is verified by both of the numeric simulation and the experiment.     

关于热电厂清洁生产审核实践的思考

本文受漯河市某热电厂的委托,为该企业进行第一轮清洁生产审核工作.通过审核准备、预审核、审核、方案产生和筛选、可行性分析、方案实施和持续清洁生产等七个阶段,本文认为该企业推行清洁生产工艺技术,进行全方位的生产技术改造和管理提升,达到节能、降耗、减排、增效的效果,从而实现经济、社会和环境的协调发展.     

中国清洁生产审核现状及激励机制研究

清洁生产审核是一种新的环境保护技术手段,利用调研、实测、统计、分析等手段优化工艺、减少能源消耗、提高效益,具有持续作用、与时俱进、灵活和适用范围广等优点。针对中国目前的清洁生产推行现状和激励机制进行了详尽分析,指出激励机制单一、缺乏专项资金、补贴资金来源不确定、违法成本过低等问题严重阻碍了中国清洁生产审核工作的推广,并提出了一些合理的建议。