Physical Modeling of Emissions from Naturally Ventilated Underground Parking Garages

The dispersion of pollutants from naturally ventilated underground parking garages has been studied in a boundary layer wind tunnel. Two idealized model setups have been analysed, one was simulating pollutant dispersion around an isolated rectangular building and one was representing dispersion in a finite array of idealized building blocks. Flow and dispersion close to modelled ground level emission sources was measured. The results illustrate the complexity of the flow around buildings and provide insight in pollutant transport from ground level sources located directly on building surfaces. As a result, areas critical with respect to high pollutant concentrations could be visualized. Particularly, the results show high concentration gradients on the surface of the buildings equipped with modelled emission sources. Inside the boundary layers on the building walls, a significant amount of pollutants is transported to upwind locations on the surface of the building. The paper documents the potential of physical modelling to be used for the simulation and measurement of dispersion close to emission sources and within complex building arrangements.     

乌鲁木齐市主要街道空气中一氧化碳污染规律的研究

本文通过对影响街道空气中一氧化碳污染的因素进行了大量的监测及综合分析,找出乌鲁木齐市主要街道空气中一氧化碳的污染规律,为控制我市汽车污染提供科学依据.     

地下商业街火灾中回燃现象的初步研究

对回燃这一特殊火现象的发生机理及研究现状进行研究分析,结合地下商业街发生火灾时烟气温度高、人员疏散困难等特性,对地下商业街火灾回燃现象进行了初步研究,分析了其发生的可能性及危害,指出可以通过控制送风风量和流速、降低可燃组分和控制点火源的措施来抑制回燃的发生,为进一步研究地下建筑火灾中烟气回燃现象提供参考。     

汽油机排气颗粒粒径分布特征试验研究

对汽油机排气中颗粒的数浓度和粒径分布特征进行了测试.在测试工况下,汽油机排气中的颗粒呈包含核模态粒子(10 nm＜DP＜50 nm)和积聚模态粒子(50 nm＜DP＜487 nm)的双峰分布,排气颗粒的总数和总质量浓度分别为4.2×105-7.9×106个·cm-3和0.02-0.27 mg·m-3.汽油机在开环控制状态下(车速不低于90 km·h-1时)的颗粒数量排放明显高于闭环控制状态(车速不高于70 km·h-1),总颗粒质量浓度随车速的增大显著增加.随车速增大,积聚模态粒子的平均粒径先减小后增大,核模态粒子的几何平均粒径先增大后减小,低车速时,有大量10-20 nm的核模态粒子生成.柴油机和汽油机排气颗粒中核模态粒子通常占有大的数量百分比,为75%-95%,而其质量百分比仅为5%-25%.汽油机的总颗粒、核模态粒子和积聚模态粒子的数量和质量排放均远低于柴油机.     

北京市典型餐饮企业油烟中醛酮类化合物污染特征

醛酮类化合物作为餐饮油烟的组成物质之一,是挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)中化学反应活性较强的一类物质.但目前国内还没有针对餐饮源醛酮类化合物的排放特征进行较为系统的研究.为进一步明确餐饮源醛酮类化合物排放水平和控制现状,获取城市群餐饮源VOCs排放控制决策依据,本研究选取北京市8家不同类型的餐饮企业,采用涂布2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)的硅胶采样管进行油烟样品采集,用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)对油烟样品中的醛酮类化合物进行测定.结果表明按基准风量折算后,8家餐饮企业排放的油烟中醛酮类化合物浓度高低依次是:烤鸭中式烧烤家常菜西式快餐学校食堂中式快餐川菜淮扬菜.餐饮企业油烟中醛酮类化合物(C1~C9)浓度水平范围为115.47~1 035.99μg·m-3.不同类型餐饮企业油烟中醛酮类化合物组分构成存在较为明显的差异,中式餐饮企业醛酮类化合物C1~C3物质所占比例均在40%以上.快餐类餐饮企业醛酮类化合物C4~C9所占比例明显高于其他类型餐饮企业.从醛酮类化合物控制现状来看,北京市目前主流高压静电式油烟净化器对醛酮类化合物的去除效果十分有限.     

Effects of EGR on performance and emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with balanites aegyptiaca/diesel blends

In this study, balanites Aegyptiaca (L.) Del biodiesel was blended in proportions of 10% and 20% on the volume basis with diesel fuel and tested in a single cylinder, VCR diesel engine under measured load conditions with varied EGR rates (0, 10 and 20%). The results showed that B10 and B20 blends shown a significant reduction rate in terms of NO_x emissions that were familiar with biodiesel blends. At peak load conditions, BTE increased slightly for test fuel blends compared with pure diesel fuel while the BSFC rate and EGT suffered from increasing and decreasing nature with respect to blending percentage. From the emissions point of view, with the increase in blends percentage, a significant reduction rate is observed in terms of CO and HC concentrations (up to 12.34 and 17.5%, respectively) while NOx emissions decreased at peak load conditions (up to 24.34%). HC and CO emissions decreased with increase in blends percentage. However, lower levels of NO_x and EGT (up to 21.37 and 8.47%, respectively) and the average increase in terms of BTE and BSFC (up to 2.83 and 2.9%, respectively) can be realised with B20 test fuel blend under 20% EGR rate.     

小氮肥厂的三废及其治理

论述了小氮肥厂生产中废水、废气和废渣和产生及其废水，废气的治理方法与效果。介绍了利用废渣制砖和水泥的技术。     

含信号控制人行横道的街道峡谷污染物扩散三维数值模拟

耦合微观交通仿真和机动车尾气排放模型,分别对含信号控制人行横道和不含信号控制人行横道的街道峡谷污染物排放进行计算,并以此为排放源,采用k-ε两方程模型与组分输运方程对风向与街道垂直时的污染扩散情况进行了三维数值模拟.结果表明,k-ε两方程模型与组分输运方程可以较好地模拟风向与街道垂直时三维街道峡谷内的污染物扩散情况.峡...     

贵金属-稀土复合型催化剂的制备与性能研究

制备了净化车辆尾气的贵金属稀土复合型催化剂,对该催化剂进行了活性测试和结构表征.利用所制备的催化剂在摩托车上进行了性能研究.实验结果表明,采用催化剂后,可使车辆排放达到欧洲Ⅱ号标准,表明所研制的催化剂具有较好的应用价值.     

地下商业街火灾烟气流动实验研究

烟气是火魔的杀手锏。在不同火源功率的长通道实体火灾实验基础上,研究地下商业街吊顶装修前后,以及不同的补风与排烟条件下烟气的特点,考察防排烟措施启动时机、启动位置以及排烟量的大小。实验结果表明:安装天花板有利于提高排烟速率,但烟气蔓延速度加快,因此宜采用镂空式天花板以利用顶部蓄烟;地下商业街宜采用远火源端补风、近端机械排烟方式,设计中需依据风量和速率选取风机,还应考虑风机对流场的扰动以及进风口设置位置。