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151.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) colonization and nodulation of groundnut were examined in nine soils collected from subsistence farmers’ fields in Zimbabwe. Nodule number, shoot dry weight, shoot N and P contents, and AMF colonization were assessed after 6 weeks growth. Both nodule number and AMF colonization differed by an order of magnitude among the nine soils. Soil available P explained almost all the variability in nodule number (r2 = 0.98), but had no significant effect on percent AMF colonization. By adding P to one soil, nodule numbers increased four-fold resulting in a significantly higher N content in the shoots. Similar, but smaller, effects were obtained by increasing the abundance of AMF through an inoculation with Glomus intraradices, suggesting that nodulation in this soil was limited by AMF abundance and that the fungi could, to a limited extent, substitute for P fertilizer. 相似文献
152.
应用P.F.S和助剂的化学沉降法处理沥青厂二级气浮后的污水,处理后污水不仅达到排放标准,还可作工业冷却水用、实现污水闭路循环。 相似文献
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155.
南黄海鳀鱼产卵场大型底栖生物次级生产力研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
根据2001至2003年南黄海鳀鱼产卵期在鳀鱼产卵场33个站考察采集的大型底栖生物定量样品资料,利用Brey's(1990)的经验公式对调查海区进行了大型底栖生物栖息密度、生物量、次级生产力和P/B值的研究计算.结果表明,该海域大型底栖生物平均栖息密度为194.3 ind.m-2,平均生物量以去灰干重计,为4.08 g m-2,平均次级生产力以去灰干重计,为4.09 g m-2a-1.研究表明,生物量和次级生产力受水深的影响.平均P/B值在研究海域为1.32a-1.对研究结果与整个南黄海、渤海和东海的结果进行了比较与讨论,证明生产力随水深的加大而降低,P/B值随水温升高而升高.图2表1参25 相似文献
156.
杭州城市及其边缘区湿地磷化学特征的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对杭州城市及其边缘区湿地土壤的磷形态组成、固磷能力和释放潜力等方面进行了初步的研究。结果表明,杭州城市及边缘地区的湿地由于受人类影响的不同及所处环境的差异,性质已有很大的分异。城区的西湖、水塘和河流底泥中磷的积累、磷的饱和度和零吸附磷平衡浓度均明显高于城市边缘地区的湿地;湿地土壤中的磷主要呈不稳定、或亚稳定态,可提取态磷约占总磷的80%,62%的湿地土壤磷饱和度在25%以上。最大磷吸附量的大小主要与湿地中无定形氧化铁、铝含量有关。零吸附时磷的浓度(EPC)较高,在0.10~2.48mg·L-1之间,具有较强的释放潜力。半透膜渗析法测得的磷释放量与磷积累呈正相关,但当磷饱和度超过25%时,其磷释放量显著增加。研究表明杭州市及其边缘区湿地土壤磷已普遍达到较高水平,这在一定程度上影响磷净化功能的正常发挥。 相似文献
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158.
The activity of fish monooxygenases has been extensively used as a monitoring tool to detect contamination of water bodies by cytochrome P450-inducing agents. In this study we evaluated the activities of ethoxy- (EROD), methoxy- (MROD) and pentoxy- (PROD) resorufin-O-dealkylases in the liver of Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) collected at the Guandu river, at a reference clean site (Lake 1) and at two other sampling sites (Lakes 2 and 3) in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Alkoxyresorufin-O-dealkylases were measured fluorimetrically in the hepatic S9 fraction. EROD (17.7-fold), MROD (14.2-fold) as well as PROD activities were considerably higher in tilapias from Guandu river. A moderate increase of EROD (5.0-fold) and MROD (5.4-fold) was also found in tilapias from Lake 3. These findings suggest that Guandu river watershed, the main source of urban drinking water supply in Rio de Janeiro, is polluted with CYP1A-inducing xenobiotics. Furthermore, we also found a good linear relationship between EROD and MROD, a finding that agrees with the hypothesis that the two reactions are catalysed by the same CYP1A isoform in O. niloticus. 相似文献
159.
柠檬酸对土壤养分的活化及对作物吸收Fe、P的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
土壤pH值是影响石灰性土壤Fe、Zn、Mn等微量元素有效性的重要因素,利用土壤培养法,研究了不同浓度柠檬酸溶液对石灰性土壤的pH值以及对P、Fe、Mn、Zn等元素的活化效应。结果表明,浓度高于0.001mol/L的柠檬酸溶液培养土壤,可降低土壤pH值,增加土壤有效P、Fe、Mn、Zn等元素的质量分数。培养24h后,P、Fe、Mn、Zn等有效养分质量分数最高,随着培养时间的延长,有效养分的质量分数下降,活化效果减弱,土壤表现出一定的钝化效应。利用盆栽模拟滴灌施肥条件,柠檬酸溶液处理可显著促进花生、菜豆植株的生长,叶片SPAD读数增加,并提高植株对P、Fe元素的吸收量,因此滴灌施肥条件下,可考虑使用柠檬酸增加石灰性土壤根区微量元素的有效性。 相似文献
160.
S.L. Liu Y.M. Luo Z.H. Cao L.H. Wu K.Q. Ding P. Christie 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2004,26(2):285-293
Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal alfalfa (Medicago sativa) was grown in pots containing soil artificially contaminated with various levels of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)(0, 1, 10 and 100 mg kg–1). Soil and plants were sampled after 30, 40, 50, 60 and 90 days and compared with unlanted pots. The percentage of mycorrhizal root length colonized by Glomus caledoniun was not significantly affected by the addition of B[a]P up to 10 mg kg–1 but was significantly lower at 100 mg kg–1B[a]P compared with low concentrations (p < 0.05). There was no difference in soil polyphenol oxidase and dehydrogenase activity among the controls and applications of 1 and 10 mg kg–1 of B[a]P. However, enzyme activities were significantly higher at 100 mg kg–1B[a]P compared with the other three treatments, and there was no mycorrhizal effect. Over a period of 90 days the concentration of B[a]P in soil in which alfalfa was grown was significantly lower than in unplanted soil (p < 0.05). Degradation rates of B[a]P added at 1, 10 and 100 mg kg–1 without G. caledonium were 76, 78 and 53%, and with mycorrhizal inoculation were 86, 87 and 57%. The degradation rate in unplanted soil was significantly lower than in planted soil, and was significantly higher in medium- and low-B[a]P treatments than in the high B[a]P concentration tested. There is a possibility of enhancement phytoremediation of PAHs in rhizosphere soil with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. 相似文献