BP人工神经网络模型在拉萨道路交通噪声预测中的应用

针对拉萨市道路交通噪声污染问题，运用人工神经网络理论和方法对拉萨市道路交通噪声的等效连续声级进行预测。经检验，计算值与实测值接近，从而为道路交通噪声的预测提供了一种新的途径。     

Nutrient cycling characteristics of Quercus acutissima and Pinus massoniana mixed forest in the Three-Gorge Reservoir area, China

The cycling characteristics of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) of the Quercus acutissima and Pinus massoniana mixed forest, which is the most common forest type in the Three Gorge Reservoir areas in China, were systematically analyzed. The results showed that N, P and K accumulated in the plant pool and in the litter pool, while total N, P, and K were deficient in the soil pool and in the forest systems. Contents of N in the soil of depth 20-40 cm were the key factor limiting growth of trees. The biological outside cycling coefficients were 8.78, 72.5 and 11.7 times of inside cycling coefficients of N, P and K, respectively. 33.92, 10.26 and 15.88 kg of N, P and K return to the litter pool from branches, leaves and throughfall per year, but, 14.31, 1.32 and 10.48 kg of N, P and K return to the soil from litter pool per year respectively. It is clear that 58% of N, 87% of P, and 34% of K are lost by surface runoff per year. 5.49%, 1.30%, and 8.34% of N, P and K withdraw from leaves to branches, 4.99%, 1.99% and 7.30% of N, P and K withdraw from branches to trunks per year,respectively.     

Treatment of turtle-breeding wastewater and domestic fecal sewage with soil cultivating system

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＬａｎｄｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓｙｓｔｅｍｆｏｒｔｒｅａｔｉｎｇｍｕｎｉｃｉｐａｌｓｅｗａｇｅｈａｓｂｅｅｎｆａｉｒｌｙｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄａｔｈｏｍｅａｎｄａｂｒｏａｄ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓａｌｏｗｃｏｓｔａｎｄｈｉｇｈｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｓｅｗａｇｅｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｎｃｅｒｔａｉｎｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ.ＩｎｔｈｅｐａｓｔａｆｅｗｙｅａｒｓａｒｔｉｆｉｃｉａｌａｑｕａｔｉｃｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓｂｒｅｅｄｉｎｇｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｈａｄｒａｐｉｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｉｎＣｈｉｎ…     

华南二叠纪末缺氧海水中的有毒气体与生物集群绝灭

对华南P/T界线地层有机碳同位素和碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素和沉积特征进行研究表明 :二叠纪末海洋中发生了大规模海水缺氧事件 ,持续时间约 6～ 10万年 ;海洋底层存在大量的CO、CO2 、H2 S和CH4等水溶性有毒气体 ,在剧烈的火山爆发事件及相伴的温室效应影响下 ,这些气水化合物由海底及陆架沉积中快速分离释放 ,导致生物集群绝灭 ,最终造成灰岩的δ13 C值发生强烈的负漂移     

Evaluation on abundance or deficiency of avai- lable trace elements in soil of middle area in China and the effect of applying trace element fertilizer

Ｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎｏｎａｂｕｎｄａｎｃｅｏｒｄｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｏｆａｖａｉ－ｌａｂｌｅｔｒａｃｅｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓｉｎｓｏｉｌｏｆｍｉｄｄｌｅａｒｅａｉｎＣｈｉｎａａｎｄｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆａｐｐｌｙｉｎｇｔｒａｃｅｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚ...     

模拟酸雨的土壤淋洗液对马尾松华山松幼苗生长的影响

用不同酸度的模拟酸雨土壤淋洗液作培养液，以中性降水土壤淋洗液作对照，研究了马尾松、华山松幼苗受土壤溶液酸度及Ａｌ３＋浓度毒害的症状。观测了受毒害后的可视性症状出现的时间、根系伸长生长受阻的情况、植物体各部分生物量以及一些物质含量的浓度。结果表明，植物体受土壤溶液中各种浓度的Ｈ＋与Ａｌ３＋影响后，普遍出现根部膨胀、植物体发红的受害症状。低酸度模拟酸雨的土壤淋洗液可在一定时间内使幼苗生物量呈增加的趋势，高酸度模拟酸雨处理后的情况则与之相反。与可视性症状相比，植物体中一些物质的含量对Ｈ＋和Ａｌ３＋浓度更加敏感；根系部分敏感于地上部分；华山松敏感于马尾松。     

南方高产茶园土壤养分特性

本文对南方高产获园土壤养分特性进行研究．结果表明，高产茶园土壤表层碱解Ｎ１００．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ、全Ｎ１．３８ｇ／ｋｇ．有机质３１．０ｇ／ｋｇ，均按丰富；茶叶产量与上壤碱解Ｎ呈显著正相关．由于重施磷肥，磷素在土壤中趋于积累．土壤表层全磷含量比相应的荒地土壤平均高０．４７ｇ／ｋｇ．由于少施钾肥．老茶园土壤比荒地土壤全钾含量明显下降，下降率最高达３０．２５％，平均达２５．６０％．高产茶园土壤具有独特的熟化层（２０－４０ｃｍ）．红壤茶园土壤肥力最高，赤红壤和砖红壤茶园相近．根据研究结果，建议采用‘控氮、降磷、增钾”的施肥原则．     

载带苯并[a]芘的纳米碳／二氧化硅颗粒引起大鼠氧化应激作用的研究

通过人工制备载带B[a]P的纳米碳(C)和纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)颗粒,采用气管滴注染毒方式,以7.5mg·kg-1(以体重计)的染毒剂量急性染毒大鼠,观察染毒24小时后载带B[a]P的纳米C/SiO2颗粒对机体产生氧化应激损伤的联合毒性效应.结果表明,在急性染毒后大鼠外周血中反映机体脂质过氧化损伤程度指标的丙二醛(MDA)含量表现为染毒组较对照组显著增加(p<0.05),表明纳米颗粒诱发机体发生了氧化应激反应.在急性染毒后各组大鼠肺泡灌洗液中谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和超氧化物岐化酶(T-SOD)活力与对照组相比显著增加(p<0.05)(载带B[a]P的纳米SiO2组除外);载带B[a]P的纳米SiO2组肺泡灌洗液中GSH-PX活力与对照组相比无显著差异,而与单纯纳米SiO2组和B[a]P组比较显著降低,推测与抗氧化酶的一过性增高有关;载带B[a]P的纳米C组肺泡灌洗液T-SOD活力与其单纯纳米C组和单纯B[a]P组比较显著增加(p<0.05),由此表明载带B[a]P的复合纳米C/SiO2颗粒在致机体氧化损伤效应方面二者存在一定的协同作用.     

Chemical Changes in Agricultural Soils of Korea: Data Review and Suggested Countermeasures

The monitoring of chemical properties, including heavy metals, in soils is necessary if better management and remediation practices are to be established for polluted soils. The National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology initiated a monitoring study that investigated fertility and heavy metal contents of the benchmarked soils. The study covered paddy soils, upland soils, and horticultural soils in the plastic film houses, and orchard soils throughout the Korea from 1990 to 1998. Likewise,4047 samples of paddy and 2534 samples of plastic house in 1999 and 2000 were analyzed through the Soil Environment Conservation Act. Soil chemical properties such as pH, organic matter, availablephosphate and extractable calcium, magnesium and potassium contents, and heavy metal contentssuch as cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, arsenic, mercury, and cobalt contents were analyzed. The studyshowed that the average contents of organic matter, available phosphate, and extractable potassiumrapidly increased in plastic house soils than in upland or paddy soils. Two kinds of fertilizer recommendation systems were established for the study: the standard levels by national soil average data for 77 crops and the recommendation by soil test for 70 crops. Standard nitrogen fertilizer application levels for cereal crops changed from 94 kg/ha in 1960s, 99 kg/ha in 1970s, 110 kg/ha in 1980s to 90 kg/ha in 1990s. The K₂O-fertilizer also changed from 67 kg/ha in 1960s, 76 kg/ha in 1970s, 92 kg/ha in 1980s, andonly 44 kg/ha in 1990s. In rice paddy fields, the average contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in surface soils(0–15 cm depth) were 0.11 mg kg^–1(ranged from 0 to 1.01), 4.70 mg kg^–1(0–41.59), 4.84 mg kg^–1(0–66.44), and 4.47 mg kg^–1(0–96.70), respectively. In the uplands, the average contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn,and As in surface soils (0–15 cm depth) were 0.135 mg kg^–1(ranged from 0 to 0.660), 2.77 mg kg^–1(0.07–78.24), 3.47 mg kg^–1(0–43.00), 10.70 mg kg^–1(0.30–65.10), and 0.57 mg kg^–1(0.21–2.90), respectively. In plastic film houses, the average contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and As in surface soil were 0.12 mg kg^–1(ranging from 0 to 1.28), 4.82 mg kg^–1(0–46.50), 2.68 mg kg^–1(0–46.50), 31.19 mg kg^–1(0.19–252.0), and 0.36 mg kg^–1(0–4.98), respectively. In orchard fields, the averagecontents of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, and Hg in surface soils (0–20 cm depth) were 0.11 mg kg^–1(ranged from 0–0.49), 3.62 mg kg^–1(0.03–45.30), 2.30 mg kg^–1(0–27.80), 16.60 mg kg^–1(0.33–105.50),0.44 mg kg^–1(0–4.14), and 0.05 mg kg^–1(0.01–0.54), respectively. For polluted soils with over thewarning content levels of heavy metals, fine red earth application, land reconsolidation and soilamelioration such as lime, phosphate, organic manure, and submerging were recommended. For the countermeasure areas, cultivation of non-edible crops such as garden trees, flowers, and fiber crops; landreformation; and heavy application of finered earth (up to 30 cm) were strongly recommended. Landuse techniques should be changed to beharmonious with the environment to increase yield andincome. Soil function characteristics should betaken into account.     

不同磷水平对不同种源尾叶桉的生长和养分吸收的影响

选定4个尾叶桉种源在不同的施P水平下盆栽，研究它们之间在生长和P、N吸收上的遗传差异．结果显示：施P肥对尾叶桉4个种源的生长高度、生物量积累、P及N吸收有着明显的作用，种源之间在上述指标上也有着明显的差异．在低P和高P施肥条件下，这种差异不明显，最大差异出现在土壤P的临界供给范围内（每kg土壤施15－20mg的P）．施P肥还会改变苗木地上部分和地下部分的干重之比、地上部分和地下部分的P、N吸收量之比．