含硫油品储罐腐蚀自燃理论及实验研究

含硫油品储罐腐蚀自燃事故是炼油企业安全生产的重大威胁.本文对含硫油品储罐腐蚀进行了实验模拟研究,并对实验结果进行了分析,利用扫描电子显微镜对试样腐蚀表面进行了特征分析,并利用X射线仪对腐蚀产物的组成和结构进行了分析.在实验结果分析的基础上,从理论上分析了含硫油品储罐腐蚀自燃机理,探讨了含硫油品储罐腐蚀的自燃影响因素.研究结果可作含硫油品储罐安全设计和含硫油品炼制工艺改进的重要参考.     

液体吸收法脱除烟气中二氧化硫的研究

对烟气中SO2有机吸收剂进行了筛选，研究出一种新型烟气脱硫吸收剂－二甲基亚砜加Mn^2 。与纯二甲基亚砜相比，添加Mn^2 对烟气脱硫效率有较大的影响。同时还进行了工艺条件试验，并对新型烟气脱硫吸收剂的吸收机理进行了探讨。     

离子色谱法测定煤中的全硫

一种利用离子色谱来简化传统的重量法测定煤中全硫 ,将煤样与艾氏卡试剂 (Mg O+ Na CO3)混合灼烧 ,使煤中各种形态的硫全部生成可溶性的硫酸盐 ,用离子色谱法测定。两次重复测定结果的精密度和准确度完全符合要求 ,测定标准煤样的结果与标准值之差在规定误差范围内。离子色谱法测定煤样的结果与重量法所得结果比较相对偏差在0 .3 6%～ 1 .45 %之间 ,又经统计检验后认定二者无显著性差异。     

在SO_2排污费征收工作中物料衡算法和实测法应用剖析

为了使ＳＯ２排污费的征收有个比较准确的确定方法,对物料衡算法和实测法进行了比较试验。系统分析了物料衡算法的误差产生原因,对实测法中的瞬时值法和连续采样法进行了比较,得出结论：物料衡算法测算ＳＯ２有较大的误差;应尽可能采用连续采样法测定ＳＯ２;对于有大量废气排放的单位,应尽量保持煤源的一致性,减少不必要的纠纷。     

硫酸厂工人外周血淋巴细胞微核率的研究

SO₂是硫酸厂、冶炼厂和火力发电厂等厂矿及其周围环境最常见的大气污染物之一。虽然有的研究者曾设想SO₂可能引起细胞染色体改变甚至诱发癌症,但有关SO₂引起细胞染色体损伤效应的研究甚少。近年来,Nordenson等曾报道,接触SO₂的工人其外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率增高。目前多数学者认为染色体断裂后遗留下来的无着丝粒断片可在细胞分裂后期仍留在细胞质中而形成微核,加之微核测定又是比染色体畸变分析较为简单、快速的细胞遗传学方法,故国际致突物和致癌物防护委员会(ICPEMC)将此项技术列为致突致癌研究的必测项目之一。     

Effects of some insecticides on microbial activities in sandy soil

Abstract

Laboratory tests were conducted with 14 insecticides applied to a sandy loam to determine whether these materials caused any effects on microbial activities related to soil fertility. The ammonification of soil native organic nitrogen was not inhibited by any of the insecticide treatments. Some insecticides showed an effect on nitrification during the second week of incubation which subsequently recovered to levels similar to those obtained in the controls. There was a significant effect on denitrification in a number of treated samples. However, recovery of denitrifying capacity was rapid. This recovery indicated that the indigenous soil microorganisms can tolerate the chemicals used for control of insect pests. No significant inhibition of sulfur oxidation was observed. Results indicated that the insecticide treatments at the level tested were not drastic enough to be considered deleterious to soil microbial activities important to soil fertility.     

Effect of some technical and formulated insecticides on microbial activities in soil

Abstract

The influence of 11 formulated and technical insecticides at 10 μg/g soil on growth and activities of microorganisms was determined. The populations of bacteria and fungi initially decreased with some pesticide treatments but recovered rapidly to levels similar to or greater than those of controls after three weeks. Both formulated and technical chlordane, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin stimulated fungal growth. No inhibition on nitrification after two wks and sulfur oxidation after three wks was observed in treatments with either grade of insecticide. The effect of different treatments on respiration was equal to or greater than that of control sample. Less effect was observed with technical insecticides than the formulated ones on microbial populations and activities in the soil.     

Peroxymonosulfate activation by Fe-N-S co-doped tremella-like carbocatalyst for degradation of bisphenol A: Synergistic effect of pyridine N, Fe-Nx, thiophene S

Bisphenol A (BPA) has received increasing attention due to its long-term industrial application and persistence in environmental pollution. Iron-based carbon catalyst activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) shows a good prospect for effective elimination of recalcitrant contaminants in water. Herein, considering the problem about the leaching of iron ions and the optimization of heteroatoms doping, the iron, nitrogen and sulfur co-doped tremella-like carbon catalyst (Fe-NS@C) was rationally designed using very little iron, S-C₃N₄ and low-cost chitosan (CS) via the impregnation-calcination method. The as-prepared Fe-NS@C exhibited excellent performance for complete removal of BPA (20 mg/L) by activating PMS with the high kinetic constant (1.492 min⁻¹) in 15 min. Besides, the Fe-NS@C/PMS system not only possessed wide pH adaptation and high resistance to environmental interference, but also maintained an excellent degradation efficiency on different pollutants. Impressively, increased S-C₃N₄ doping amount modulated the contents of different N species in Fe-NS@C, and the catalytic activity of Fe-NS@C-1-x was visibly enhanced with increasing S-C₃N₄ contents, verifying pyridine N and Fe-N_x as main active sites in the system. Meanwhile, thiophene sulfur (C-S-C) as active sites played an auxiliary role. Furthermore, quenching experiment, EPR analysis and electrochemical test proved that surface-bound radicals (^·OH and SO₄^⋅−) and non-radical pathways worked in the BPA degradation (the former played a dominant role). Finally, possible BPA degradation route were proposed. This work provided a promising way to synthesize the novel Fe, N and S co-doping carbon catalyst for degrading organic pollutants with low metal leaching and high catalytic ability.     

“十一五”我国主要工业行业SO2和COD技术减排的效应分析

在分析＂十一五＂期间SO2和COD减排情况的基础上,通过构建体现分行业污染减排的环境效应分解模型,对各主要行业不同减排途径带来的污染技术减排效应进行测算,得到了各行业不同减排途径产生的技术减排效应值以及各行业污染技术减排的贡献度。测算结果显示,＂十一五＂期间火电、钢铁和水泥行业的SO2技术减排效应分别为2080万t、180万t、318万t,其中烟气脱硫工程在工业SO2污染减排中担负了主要贡献作用,贡献率为50.46%,造纸业、化学原料及制品行业、农副食品加工业的COD技术减排效应分别为309万t、103万t、135万t,最终给出了我国主要工业部门的SO2和COD技术减排效应对总减排效应的贡献度,分别为66.05%、51.10%,表明技术减排是＂十一五＂期间顺利实现污染减排的重要保证。     

昆明不同产地磷石膏对烤烟生长及砷污染风险的影响

为解决磷石膏堆存造成的环境问题,实现其农业资源化利用。通过盆栽试验研究了施用昆明市3个产地磷石膏（上蒜乡、古城镇和草铺镇）对3个品种烤烟（红花大金元、NC297和MS云烟85）生长的影响。结果表明：磷石膏能有效促进烤烟生长,其中施用上蒜磷石膏的效果最好,上蒜磷石膏处理下红花大金元的株高显著高于NC297和MS云烟85,且地上部生物量显著高于 MS 云烟85;施用另外两种如古城和草埔磷石膏后,红花大金元在株高和地上部生物量也表现出不同程度的优势。此外,相对NC297和MS云烟85,施用磷石膏对红花大金元的促磷和抗砷作用更为明显,上蒜磷石膏处理下红花大金元地上部磷吸收量为43.10 mg·pot-1,显著高于NC297和MS云烟85;且施用上蒜磷石膏对红花大金元砷的污染风险较小,其植株地上部砷的质量分数为0.48 mg·kg^-1,显著小于相同处理下NC297和MS云烟85,但烟株地上部砷含量最低的组合为古城磷石膏-NC297烤烟组合,其砷的质量分数为0.20 mg·kg^-1。此外,施用磷石膏也显著增加了土壤中有效磷、硫含量,其中添加上蒜磷石膏能更大程度地提高土壤速效磷的含量,为不施用磷石膏（CK）的11-23倍;施用古城磷石膏后,种植NC297的土壤中有效硫增加最多,为CK的5-15倍。因此,除NC297和MS云烟85施用上蒜磷石膏组合存在一定砷污染风险外,磷石膏可以作为磷、硫肥安全地应用于烤烟生产。