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51.
Matsunaga SN Chatani S Nakatsuka S Kusumoto D Kubota K Utsumi Y Enoki T Tani A Hiura T 《Chemosphere》2012,87(8):886-893
Reactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are known to affect atmospheric chemistry. Biogenic VOCs (BVOCs) have a significant impact on regional air quality due to their large emission rates and high reactivities. Diterpenes (most particularly, kaur-16-ene) were detected in all of the 205 enclosure air samples collected over multiple seasons at two different sites from Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa trees, the dominant coniferous trees in Japan,. The emission rate of kaur-16-ene, was determined to be from 0.01 to 7.1 μg dwg−1 h−1 (average: 0.61 μg dwg−1 h−1) employing branch enclosure measurements using adsorbent sampling followed by solid phase-liquid extraction techniques. The emission rate was comparable to that of monoterpenes, which is known major BVOC emissions, collected from the same branches. In addition, total emission of kaur-16-ene at 30 °C was estimated to exceed that of total anthropogenic VOC emissions. 相似文献
52.
用羧甲基壳聚糖和膨润土制备复合吸附剂,研究了复合吸附剂在不同参数下对Cu^2+、Ni^2+和Cr^3+吸附的影响。结果表明,复合吸附剂对Ni^2+的吸附可以很快达到吸附平衡,而对Cu^2+和Cr^3+的吸附分别在30min和180min时达到平衡;且pH值对吸附容量的影响很显著。通过计算不同温度下的热力学参数△G、△H和△S,3种金属的△G〈0,证实这3种金属吸附都是自发过程。Cu^2+、Ni^2+和Cr^3+的吸附等温线较符合Langmuir型;反应动力学都更符合准二级吸附速率方程。 相似文献
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实验发现,铁氧化物或铁的羟基氧化物对As(V)有较好的吸附性能,而锆氧化物或锆水合氧化物则对As(Ⅲ)有优异的吸附选择性,但其使用的pH通常要在〉9的条件下。通过简单的共沉淀法制备了Zr-Fe双组分复合吸附剂,在制备过程中通过优化制备条件如:沉淀剂浓度、金属离子总浓度、金属离子配比、反应温度、反应时间及吸附剂价格等因素,最终合成出了对As(V)和As(Ⅲ)都具有良好吸附能力的吸附剂。这种吸附剂在中性条件下对As(V)和As(Ⅲ)的最大吸附量为62mg/g和118mg/g。 相似文献
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56.
脱硫灰与钾矿石复合生产钾钙硅镁硫肥料研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对脱硫灰与钾矿石复合生产钾钙硅镁硫肥的研究意义、反应原理、生产流程、环境安全性能以及施肥方法等进行了介绍和评估,并对其应用前景进行了展望。研究结果表明:利用脱硫灰与钾矿石复合生产钾钙硅镁硫肥在理论上可行;生产出的产品中硫酸钾的含量达10.34%~12.0%,枸溶氧化钙19.06%~32.28%,枸溶二氧化硅10.98%~14.46%,枸溶氧化镁1.46%~1.82%。产品的pH值从原脱硫灰的10.65下降到9.60。重金属含量低于农用粉煤灰国家标准,生产过程中不会产生SO2等有害气体污染。肥料的生产成本低于350元/t,该肥料不但可以增加土壤中钾、钙、硅、镁和硫等中微量元素的含量,而且可以提高或改善农作物的产量和品质。达到变废为宝,促进循环经济发展之目的。 相似文献
57.
中温(35±1)℃条件下,采用上流式厌氧污泥床(upflowanaerobicsludgebed,简称UASB)反应器处理了含蒽醌类-活性艳蓝(c.I.ReactiveBlue5,简称K—GR)或偶氮类-活性艳红(C.I.ReactiveRed20,简称KD-8B;C.I.ReactiveRed2,简称X-3B)模拟染料废水,重点研究了回流比对染料脱色率和COD去除率的影响,在最佳回流比的条件下,探讨HRT(hydraulicretentiontime)对脱色的影响和不同结构染料的脱色效果,并初步分析了脱色机理。结果表明,适宜的回流比有利于提高系统的脱色率;控制回流比和HRT分别为2和24h,当模拟废水中染料的浓度为100mg/L时,COD去除率和脱色率分别为90%~96%和85%~92%;蒽醌和偶氮类染料的脱色是通过偶氮键和葸醌共轭结构的断裂来实现的。 相似文献
58.
Hara J 《Chemosphere》2011,82(9):1308-1313
The degradation of dieldrin by ferric sulphide (FeS2) in aqueous solution was investigated when shielded against sunlight. An oxidative dechlorination process was observed under aerobic and anaerobic conditions; oxygen volume changed the degradation rate of dieldrin and the generation rate of reaction products. The dechlorination rate under microaerophilic conditions was fastest among the anaerobic to air oxygen concentrations. For this experiment, over 99% of the dieldrin was degraded, and 90% of the released chloride was detected after 30 d under 10 μmol oxygen. The major reaction products were different depending on the dose of oxygen. In the case of aerobic conditions, low molecular weight organic acids, such as formic acid, lactic acid, and oxalic acid, were generated as major reaction products. However, under anaerobic conditions, C16H22O4 (dibutyl phthalate) and C6H13ClO (3-chloro-4-methyl-2-pentanol) were detected as reaction intermediates, and small amounts of succinic acid, malonic acid, and formic acid were also generated. These reactions proceed by FeS2 interface reactions with H2O under anaerobic condition, or O2 under aerobic condition. 相似文献
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60.
Zhenhao Ling Liqing Wu Yonghong Wang Min Shao Xuemei Wang Weiwen Huang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(4):259-285
Secondary organic aerosol(SOA) is a very important component of fine particulate matter(PM2.5) in the atmosphere. However, the simulations of SOA, which could help to elucidate the detailed mechanism of SOA formation and quantify the roles of various precursors, remains unsatisfactory, as SOA levels are frequently underestimated. It has been found that the performance of SOA formation models can be significantly improved by incorporating the emission and evolution of semivolatile and ... 相似文献