双区电除尘器降低锅炉烟尘排放浓度

粉尘在传统结构的荷电区荷电之后,一部分尘粒被阳极板捕集,大部分带有正、负电荷的尘粒再分别被收尘区的管式辅助电极和阳极板捕集.模拟试验数据表明,收尘区具有高电压、低电流和板电流密度分布均匀的特性.工业性试验结果显示,应用双区电除尘技术设计或改造电除尘器,不仅可以较好地防止发生反电晕,而且能够将锅炉烟尘排放质量浓度降低到50 mg/m3以下.与传统的卧式电除尘器相比,还可节省10%左右的占地面积和钢材用量.     

ABR处理硫酸盐有机废水的BP神经网络建模

通过厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)处理硫酸盐有机废水的实验数据对BP神经网络进行训练,建立了ABR处理硫酸盐有机废水的BPNN模型,通过测试对比,找出了较优训练函数为traingda,较优训练次数为1 900.利用分割连接权值法(PCW)对影响出水SO42-和COD的主要因素进行分析,结果显示进水COD、SO42-、pH、COD/SO42-和HRT对出水SO42-和COD均产生一定影响,其中进水pH对出水SO42-和COD的影响最大,相对重要性(RI)指数分别为30.79％和23.44％;并通过样本试验数据分别建立了对SO42-和COD去除率的限制因子仿真模型,为预测硫酸盐有机废水的厌氧处理过程提供指导.     

Study of Trace and Heavy Metals in Rural and Urban Aerosols of Uludağ and Bursa (Turkey)

The concentrations of heavy, trace elements and major ions measuredin the Uluda and Bursa aerosols were investigated to assess size distributions, spatial and temporal variability, sources and source regions affecting the composition of aerosols in Uluda and Bursa. A total of 81 samples were collected in two sites, one in Bursa city and another in the Uluda Mountain during two sampling campaigns. Daily samples were collected using a high volume sampler on Whatman 41 cellulose filters in Uluda, while three days interval samples were collected in Bursa using an automatic dichotomous sampler on PTFE Teflon filters. Samples were analysed for 15 trace and heavy metals (Al, Fe, Ba, Na, Mg, K, Mn, Ca, Cu), (V, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn), and 4 major ions (SO₄ ^2-, NO₃ ^-, Cl^-), (NH₄ ⁺) using ICP-AES, GFAAS, HPLC and UV/VIS Spectrophotometer,respectively. In general, concentrations of the metals measured inUluda aerosols were lower than those in Bursa. The concentrations of crustal elements were higher in summer than winter, while anthropogenic elements had higher concentrations in winter than summer. Most of the mass of crustal elements was concentrated in the coarse mode while the mass of the heavy metals was concentrated in the fine mode. Factor analysis revealed four factors with sources including crustal, industrial and combustion. Back trajectory calculations were used to determine long range contributions. These calculations showed that contributions were mostly from European countries, former Soviet Union countries, Black Sea and North Africa.     

Characterization of Dust Storms to Hong Kong in April 1998

In April 1998, two intense dust storms were generated in CentralAsia and transported eastward across East Asia (15 and 19 April). This article presents the chemical characterization ofHong Kong (HK) aerosols during the dust storms. During the 15 Aprildust storm, hourly respiratory suspended particles (RSP)(particle diameter smaller than 10 m) concentrationsmonitored at 7 sites in Hong Kong reached the peak valuessynchronously between 9 and 11 a.m. on 17 April, in which thehighest concentration was 267 g m^-3. Analysis ofthe RSP samples showed that concentrations of crustalelements (Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mg, K⁺) and anthropogenicspecies (As, Ni, Pb, Zn, NH₄ ⁺, NO₃ ^-,SO₄ ^2- and total carbon) were substantiallyenhanced. Enhancement of these species was more than afactor of 2 to 14 relative to the non dust period. The totalcarbon content was high, at 59 g m^-3 (notincluding carbonate), and the enrichment factors of Asand Pb on 17 April were 122 and 117, respectively. Thisimplied that anthropogenic materials together with mineraldust were transported to HK from Mainland China. Based onmaterial balance calculations, mineral dust contributed41% to the observed RSP mass on 17 April, which was 2 times thatof the nondust sample (22%). From the 5-day backwardtrajectory analysis, this storm was transported directlyfrom Northwest China to HK. However, there was nocorresponding observation for the 19 April dust stormaerosol. Consequently, 15 April storm had stronger impact onHK's atmosphere than 19 April storm. Compared to the HK AirQuality Objective, 15 April dust storm did not cause seriousair pollution in HK.     

湘中地区恩口煤矿老采区复采的水害防治研究

湘中地区碳酸盐岩广泛分布,其中岩溶的发育受岩性、地貌、水文、构造运动等诸多因素的控制,主要分布在地下水排泄区,给煤炭资源的开发带来了严重水患。针对恩口煤矿水害问题,笔者在翔实的野外调查基础上,通过分析矿区水文地质条件、矿井水文地质特征;总结以往矿山防治水经验和教训;探讨今后老采区复采的防治水害方向和重点;认为壶天河的山口冲段、小碧河的西坪段、涟水河的杨家冲段等为重点防区,对河床铺底强度不可靠的部位应该重新加强铺底。     

三峡茅坪溪沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝位移反演分析与安全预测

本文研究了基于综合应用人工神经网络和演化算法的位移反演分析方法,并将此方法应用于三峡茅坪溪沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝的变形反演分析中。以茅坪溪一期工程原型观测成果为依据,反演出能够正确反映坝体变形特性的邓肯-张EB模型参数,从而预测了施工期末和蓄水期末该坝的变形特性,并基于总应力法研究了心墙水力劈裂破坏发生的可能性,为茅坪溪堆石坝运行期的安全生产提供依据。研究结果表明,茅坪溪心墙堆石坝不会发生水力劈裂破坏,该坝蓄水后虽然水压上升,但心墙仍是安全的。     

电除尘器电晕线支撑部分和屏蔽管屏蔽效应的试验研究

通过试验研究探讨了电除尘器电晕线支撑部分和屏蔽管静电屏蔽效应的规律.利用电晕线支撑部分和屏蔽管的静电屏蔽效应,可以改善电除尘器板电流密度分布,减弱反电晕,并可得到高电压低电流的安全运行状态.     

皖南地区铜陵市大气颗粒物污染特征及潜在源研究

利用2018年3月—2021年2月环境和气象数据对皖南地区铜陵市大气颗粒物的污染特征和潜在贡献源进行了系统性研究.铜陵市大气颗粒物污染具有明显的季节变化特征,冬季污染物浓度最高,PM_2.5和PM₁₀平均为（60.3±31.0）μg·m^-3和（89.2±42.2）μg·m^-3.计算发现PM_2.5/PM₁₀超过0.5,铜陵市的大气颗粒物污染问题与细颗粒物关系密切.后向轨迹聚类分析表明铜陵市大气颗粒物的输送路径具有季节性差异.春季以西北、东北和西南方向气流为主,占比83.73%;夏季以东南和南部方向气流为主,占比82.90%;秋季以东北气流为主,占比51.00%;冬季则是以北方和西北气流为主,占比69.81%.其中,冬季气流轨迹所对应的PM_2.5和PM₁₀的浓度最高,平均为59.7和92.0μg·m^-3;夏季最低,平均为23.8和43.8μg·m^-3.潜在源贡献因子（WPSC...     

天津市采暖季不同气团来向PM2.5中重金属污染特征及健康风险评价

为了解天津市采暖季PM_2.5中重金属的污染特征及健康风险,使用Xact-625重金属在线分析仪于2020年11月至2021年3月对PM_2.5中的重金属元素进行连续采样,分析10种重金属元素(Pb、 Cd、 Cr、 As、 Zn、 Mn、 Co、 Ni、 Cu和V)的污染特征,利用HYSPLIT模型分析重金属元素的时空分布特征,并结合美国EPA健康风险评价模型对重金属健康风险展开研究.结果表明,采样期间天津市10种重金属元素的总浓度平均值为(261.56±241.74)ng·m^-3,Cr[折算Cr(Ⅵ)]和As元素高于《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012)的年平均限值.后向轨迹分析表明,天津市主要受到来自西北部中距离气团(1号)、西北部长距离气团(2号)、西南部气团(3号)和东北部气团(4号)的影响.不同气团来向重金属元素呈现不同的污染特征和健康风险,3号气团PM_2.5浓度、10种重金属元素总浓度和5种重金属元素经呼吸途径暴露的终身致癌风险值之和均最高,2号气团10种重金属元素经呼吸途径暴露...     

全国大气扩散输送模态与区划研究

基于NCEP再分析气象资料,使用HYSPLIT模式对我国大陆区域进行了一整年的连续轨迹计算.轨迹以1°×1°的网格化经纬度分辨率进行计算.考虑气候、地理及经济因素,将全国计算区域分为10个大区,分别统计各大区出发的轨迹在全国的分布频率.根据全年和各季的轨迹统计结果,分析我国不同区域的大气输送扩散特征以及区域间大气环境的相互影响潜势.结果表明,全国10个大区的大气扩散输送模态可分为特性不同的7大类,其中以西北方向的3个大区为一类,西南高原的2个大区为另一类,其它各区自成一类.10个大区大气扩散物质的累积效应差异显著且季节变化特征各异.全国以西南区(XN)东部大气累积效应最强,东北区(DB)累积效应最弱.