声发射技术在湘西金矿深井安全开采中的应用

笔者介绍了岩体声发射监测技术及其基本技术参数 ,描述了井下采矿环境下识别岩体声发射信号的频谱特征 ,并进一步介绍了岩体声发射监测技术在湘西金矿深井开采中的应用情况。声发射安全监测技术应用表明 ,声发射事件率及其增长幅度直接反映了顶板稳定性的变化情况 :当岩音频度在 1 0次 /分以下时 ,采场顶板处于稳定 ;但达 1 6次 /分以上时 ,采场顶板就有冒落的可能性 ,应该采取预防措施。该技术安全监测预报结果为深井的安全生产、避免灾害事故的发生提供了决策依据     

基于力电耦合冲击矿压电磁辐射预测法的研究

笔者首先提出了煤岩变形破裂过程电磁辐射与应力耦合的概念 ,然后在实验研究、理论分析和数值模拟的基础上从力电耦合的角度研究了煤岩冲击矿压预测的电磁辐射法 (EME)。研究结果表明 :FLAC3D方法能对矿山巷道掘进过程煤岩内部应力场进行有效的数值模拟 ;电磁辐射信号主要来源于应力集中区 ,在场点监测到的电磁辐射信号主要是应力集中区煤岩变形破裂过程产生的 ;EME信号呈现出与煤岩内部应力变化相同的规律 ;利用力电耦合方法研究煤岩冲击矿压电磁辐射预测法是可行的。笔者最后还对未来煤岩冲击矿压电磁辐射预测法的研究进行了展望。     

Investigation of Boundary Layer Fine Structure in Arid Regions: Injection of Fine Dust into the Atmosphere

Fine structure of the atmospheric boundary layerin desert regions of Kalmykia and on dried bottom of theAral Sea and its relation to soil particle emission in theatmosphere are discussed. It was found that in a hot seasonin the absence of dust storms convective processes lift updust particles into the atmospheric boundary layer fromsandy landscapes of Kalmykia and Sub-Aral regions. Thisaerosol consists of aggregate particles and contains asignificant amount of long-living aerosol of size less than5 m (including fine-dispersion 0.01–0.1 maerosol). The increasing of fine aerosol concentration wasfound at air temperature above 25 °C, surfacetemperature above 50 °C, and relative humidityless than 40–50%. Some mechanisms influencing the particle emission rates are briefly considered.     

排污权交易及其规范

排污权理论的产生是对环境认识深化的结果。市场对环境资源配置的结果必定要求进行排污权交易。目前我国应根据个案试点的经验,建立和完善排污权交易市场,加大污染治理的力度。     

可压密煤层瓦斯运移方程与数值模拟研究

建立了非均质可压密煤层瓦斯运移方程和数值模拟方程,通过计算机数值模拟解,并运用相似理论,得到了煤层瓦斯压力分布曲线和煤（孔）壁瓦斯涌出衰减曲线方程。采掘面围岩中的集中应力峰值点存在高瓦斯压力和压力梯度,克林伯格效应和煤体排放瓦斯后的应力释放对钻孔瓦斯流量有明显的增长作用     

Estimation of Emissions of γ-Hexachlorcyclohexane from the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Ecosystem Using a Coupled Efficient Kalman Filter–Atmospheric Transport–Soil Model

An efficient linear Kalman filter has been combined with a coupled atmospheric transport and soil–air exchange model to determine organochlorine pesticides emissions on the regional scale. In this study, results of -HCH emissions from the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence ecosystem, estimated from the coupled model, are presented and discussed. A source receptor technique is used to identify a priori the locations of emission sources of -HCH, the emissions are then updated through a Kalman filtering procedure which minimizes the weighted difference between the predicted mixing ratios from the coupled model and the measured concentrations over the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence river region. Two experiments using the inverse algorithm are carried out. In the first experiment, the coupled atmospheric transport and soil–air exchange model is implemented to predict -HCH air and soil concentrations. Emissions are then updated every 12 days using the updated soil concentrations and emission factors. However, the updated emissions are not input into the coupled atmospheric transport and soil–air exchange model. On the other hand, in the second experiment the updated emissions are fed back to the coupled model, so that the model is reinitialized in each 12 days. The results from the inverse technique for the year 1995 have been compared with grided -HCH emission inventory in Canada, generated by emission factors. It is shown that the estimated emissions of -HCH are consistent with the measured emissions. It is found that the St. Lawrence valley has larger emissions of -HCH than the Great Lakes region, indicating an opposite distribution to the emission usage inventory, but in agreement with the measured -HCH concentration.     

深圳市汽车排气污染的管制与防治

深圳地狭人多,特区人口密度高达7310人/平方公里,是中国人口密度最大的城市之一。随着社会经济的高速发展,汽车拥有量的急剧增加,汽车排气污染已成为深圳市最主要的大气污染问题。文章分析了深圳市汽车排气污染的状况及其对城市空气质量的影响,简要介绍了近年来深圳市在控制汽车排气污染方面所做的工作。     

数理统计方法在岷沱江水环境背景值计算中的应用

统计单元的划分，异常值的剔除，分布类型检验及背景值的表征是环境背景值计算中的四个关键环节，本文就其应用进行了较为系统地讨论。     

黑龙江流域水环境背景值研究进展

黑龙江流域地处世界三大黑土区之一的中国东北平原，土壤腐殖质含量高，这些腐殖质随着地面径流进入水体，成为流域溶解性有机物（DOM）的自然本底（环境背景）。自然本底的存在导致流域水质有机污染综合指标不能真实反映流域的人为污染，流域背景区内高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量背景值范围分别为3.0~11.7、14.3~40.5 mg/L。流域部分水质考核断面水质受到有机质背景值的影响。由于叠加人为污染，定量分析高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量背景值范围存在很大难度。重金属元素相对稳定，相对于"六五"时期重金属背景值，目前水体中重金属含量普遍升高。结合水环境管理需求，背景值研究成果应用于水环境管理还需要进一步深入研究和实践。笔者在综述黑龙江流域水环境背景值研究基础上，总结目前存在的问题，提出水环境背景值研究建议，为科学客观评价流域水质提供参考。