Baseline Study on Essential and Trace Elements in Polished Rice from South Korea

In 2000, 63 (polished) white rice samples were collected in eight administrative areas all over South Korea and analyzed for 16 elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Potassium had the highest content, next to Mg, Ca, Si, Zn, Na, Al and Fe. Most of the samples contained worldwide average concentrations of essential and trace elements in rice grains reported by various researches. For inter-area differences in those elements in the rice, the statistical analysis showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) among the eight administrative areas, suggesting that inter-area differences were not substantial in most cases. Thus, the present data can be used as national background levels of elements in rice produced in South Korea. Using the published data on daily consumption of rice in South Korea, it was possible to estimate the daily intake of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn via rice. The results showed that a regular consumption of rice produced in Korea plays an important role in accumulation of essential and trace elements in Korean, especially for farm-households consuming relatively large amounts of rice.     

广州市菜园土主要蔬菜重金属背景含量的研究

研究了广州市几个主要的蔬菜生产基地种植的白菜、芥蓝、芥菜、菜薹、萝卜、大白菜、豆瓣菜、结球甘蓝、芹菜、菜豆、豌豆、结球莴苣、尖叶莴苣、菠菜、番茄等15种蔬菜中Pb、Hg、Cd、Cr和As等5种重金属的背景质量分数。其背景质量分数为：Pb 0．002～0．148mg/kg；Hg ND-0．006mg/kg；Cd 0．001～0．034mg/kg；Cr 0．002～0．150mg/kg；As 0.001～0．070mg／kg。由于不同种类蔬菜的吸收特性和遗传特性有所不同，其重金属背景质量分数也有很大差异。蔬菜中元素水平还与土壤条件等因素有关。     

阿勒泰地区土壤微量元素环境背景值分布特征

从土壤形成的自然环境特点，成土母岩、母质等方面了区域土壤环境背景值特征，为地区土地资源的合理开发利用、农牧业合理布局、土壤污染防治等提供基础资料。     

铋的土壤环境背景值研究

本文调查了我国34个省(区)、市的40种主要土类中Bi的含量,首次提出了我国Bi的土壤环境背景值,并对主要土类及区域分布特征进行了研究,初步分析了影响Bi分布的主要因素.     

尿中除草醚的测定

用甲苯直接萃取酸化后尿中的除草醚,以气相色谱法测定。方法的最低检测限为2μl/l;精密度为4.7％;回收率为95％。     

云南土壤锰元素背景值及其特征研究

对云南省土壤锰元素背景值进行了采样分析,结果显示:锰元素含量呈对数正态分布,中位值560 0mg/kg,几何均值486 5mg/kg,95%置值区间18 3～1648 4mg/kg。并对其特征进行了研究。     

江苏省排污申报登记管理信息系统的研制

排污申报登记信息系统的研制和推广，对江苏省环境管理和规划的现代化、环境信息系统建设的进程具有很大的推动作用；环境管理不断面临新的问题、产生新的需求，促使申报系统更加完善，功能更加丰富。详细介绍申报系统的开发背景、开发环境及主要功能。     

中国土壤表层钙元素背景值的地域最佳估值研究

应用地统计学方法研究了中国土壤表层钙元素背景值的空间变异结构,并藉此进行了钙元素背景值的地域估值.结果表明,这种估值方法突出反映了钙元素在中国的宏观变化规律.与趋势面方法相比,具有明显优势.     

太湖流域主要粮食作物中19种元素的背景值及其特征

本研究用等离子体发射光谱法、石墨炉原子吸收法、原子荧光法和冷原子吸收法等对太湖地区糙米和小麦中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni、Mn、Co、Al、Fe、V、Cr、Mo、P、Ca、Mg、K、Na、Hg、As等19种元素进行测定,经统计学检验分别得出其背景值,发现Hg、As、Pb、Cd和Cr 5种有毒元素的含量均低于卫生标准,对人畜无害。分析了糙米、小麦中元素含量的特征,包括不同作物、不同地区、不同土类之间的元素含量差异,土壤pH值和有机质对元素含量的影响和土壤有效态元素与粮食中相应元素的相关性等。     

Chromium transformation driven by iron redox cycling in basalt-derived paddy soil with high geological background values

The flooding and drainage of paddy fields has great effects on the transformation of heavy metals, however, the transformation of Cr in basalt-derived paddy soil with high geological background values was less recognized. The typical basalt-derived paddy soil was incubated under alternating redox conditions. The Cr fractions and the dynamics of Fe/N/S/C were examined. The HCl-extractable Cr increased under anaerobic condition and then decreased during aerobic stage. The UV-vis spectra of the supernatant showed that amounts of colloids were released under anaerobic condition, and then re-aggregated during aerobic phase. The scanning transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that Fe oxides were reduced and became dispersed during anaerobic stage, whereas Fe(II) was oxidized and recrystallized under aerobic condition. Based on these results, a kinetic model was established to further distinguish the relationship between the transformation of Cr and Fe. During anaerobic phase, the reduction of Fe(III) oxides not only directly released the structurally bound Cr, but also enhanced the breakdown of soil aggregation and dissolution of organic matter causing indirect mobilization of Cr. During aerobic phase, the oxidation of Fe(II) and further recrystallization of newly formed Fe(III) oxides might induce the re-aggregation of soil colloids and further incorporation of Cr. In addition, the kinetic model of Cr and Fe transformation was further verified in the pot experiment. The model-based findings demonstrated that the Cr transformation in the basalt-derived paddy soil with high geological background values was highly driven by redox sensitive iron cycling.