An assessment of heavy-metal contamination in surface sediments of the Suez Gulf using geoaccumulation indexes and statistical analysis

An assessment of marine pollution due to metals was made in the Suez Gulf based on surface costal sediment collected from 18 locations along the Gulf. The samples were dried and acid-digested, and the metal contents (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (air-acetylene) with deuterium background correction. An evaluation of the heavy-metal pollution status of the Gulf was carried out using enrichment factors (EF) and geo-accumulation Indexes (I_geo). Also, heavy-metal concentrations in Suez Gulf sediments were evaluated using the Effect Range-Low (ERL) and the Effect Range-Median (ERM). The results of a Spearman correlation and factor and cluster analysis of the heavy metals analysed in the collected sediment were discussed. The main source of contamination is offshore oil field and industrial wastes, which arise due to the ineffective and inefficient operation equipments, illegal discharge and lack of supervision, and prosecution of offenders.     

新型溴代阻燃剂TBB和TBPH混合物对罗非鱼甲状腺激素和生理生化指标的影响

为了研究新型溴代阻燃剂FM550的生态风险,以罗非鱼为模式生物,配制添加不同浓度FM550(0、10、100和400ng·g~(-1))的饲料,将罗非鱼暴露56 d后,研究不同暴露剂量条件下FM550对罗非鱼甲状腺激素以及血清生理生化指标的影响。研究表明,经不同浓度的FM550暴露56 d后,罗非鱼的基础生长数据并无显著变化,但罗非鱼的甲状腺激素水平发生改变,具体表现为高剂量的FM550暴露可以使罗非鱼血清中的三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)含量降低,四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T4)、游离四碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT4)含量升高。同时,FM550的暴露还可以导致罗非鱼的脂代谢改变,具体变化为血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)含量降低,高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)含量升高,低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)含量降低。不同剂量的FM550暴露对罗非鱼的全血生化指标并无影响。     

潮滩沉积物重金属污染的色度反演方法初探

为了探求快速评估土壤重金属污染的方法,以崇明岛东滩低、中、高潮滩沉积物为研究对象,用色度仪测量其色度参数(明度L*、红度a*、黄度b*),并对照化学分析数据,初步探讨了潮滩沉积物的色度特征与重金属元素(Cu、Cr、 Pb、Zn、Mn、Fe )含量之间的相关关系.同时,运用回归分析分别建立了重金属元素含量与色度参数（明度L*、红度a*、黄度b*）之间的定量关系模型,并对模型进行验证.结果表明,在崇明岛低、中、高潮滩的沉积物中,Cu、Pb、Zn与L*之间负相关,相关系数最高可达rCu=-0.97、 rPb= -0.88、 rZn=-0.98;Cu、Pb、Zn与a*之间正相关;而Cr与a*之间负相关.在河口水体中重金属含量稳定的条件下,色度信息可以定量地反演潮滩沉积物重金属元素的含量,为大范围的潮滩重金属污染研究提供了一项实用有效的辅助手段.     

金盆水库暴雨径流时空演变过程及水质评价

为探究西安金盆水库汛期暴雨径流沿程时空演变过程及库区水质响应,对汛期2019年8月初与9月中旬两场暴雨径流上游河道至库区各断面的水质指标进行持续原位监测,并在垂向上采用单因子污染指数法和综合污染指数法对库区进行水质评价.结果表明：汛期暴雨径流连续不同的来流条件会演变成不同的潜入情况,两次径流初期入流量小,水库潜流均经历全断面径流-底部潜流-间层流的过程,在末期,8月初径流库区间层流位置由初期的545~565 m扩大为535~580 m,9月中旬径流潜流位置由初期540~575 m的间层流演变成575 m以下的底部潜流;连续的入流使库区热分层结构削弱,溶解氧得到补充,同时大量颗粒态污染物汇入库区,营养盐在垂向上表现为中层、底层水体高于表层;单因子污染指数表明径流潜流处总磷和高锰酸盐指数值都有一定的增加,末期均超过地表水Ⅲ类水质标准;综合污染指数表明8月初径流中层水质处于中污染,底层则受厌氧与颗粒沉降的双重影响达到重污染,并且在径流一周后达到峰值,而9月中旬的575 m以下的潜流直接导致中层水体处于重污染,底层由于溶解氧的补充处于中污染;汛期通过泄洪洞的排放与分层取水可以有效地保障供水安全.     

铅处理对茴香植株生长及精油组分的影响

为了揭示铅对茴香（Foeniculum vulgare L.）生长和次生代谢产物-精油组分的影响及茴香植株对铅的吸收累积特性,本试验采用水培方法,在霍格兰营养液中加入铅,设计0（对照）、1 mg·L^-1、5 mg·L^-1、10 mg·L^-1处理,研究了不同铅质量浓度对茴香植株生长、精油组分及茴香植株对铅吸收累积的影响。结果表明：不同铅质量浓度处理对茴香植株的形态、生物量、色素质量分数、碳和氮质量分数、铅的吸收累积及精油组分均有影响。随着铅质量浓度的增加,茴香植株的株高呈降低趋势,且各处理之间差异显著,真叶数大致也呈降低趋势,但仅10 mg·L^-1处理显著低于对照,各处理的最大叶长差异均不显著,最大叶宽仅对照与5 mg·L^-1处理之间差异显著。随着铅质量浓度的增加,地上部鲜质量和干质量均呈逐渐降低趋势,且铅处理后的地上部鲜质量和干质量均显著低于对照,地下部鲜质量和干质量呈逐渐升高趋势,但铅处理后的地下部鲜质量和干质量与对照差异均不显著,根冠比呈逐渐增加趋势,但仅10 mg·L^-1处理显著高于对照。随着铅质量浓度的增加,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a＋b和类胡萝卜素质量分数均呈降低趋势,且均低于对照,叶绿素a/叶绿素b以5 mg·L^-1处理最高,但仅显著高于1 mg·L^-1处理。铅处理后,可溶性蛋白质质量分数均高于对照,但仅1 mg·L^-1处理和5 mg·L^-1处理显著高于对照,全氮质量分数与可溶性蛋白质质量分数的变化趋势基本一致,但各处理之间差异均不显著;随铅质量浓度的增加,可溶性糖质量分数呈降低趋势,除1 mg·L^-1处理显著高于对照外,其余铅处理均显著低于对照,各处理的全碳质量分数与对照差异均不显著。随铅质量浓度的增加,茴香植株对铅的吸收累积显著增加。不同铅质量浓度处理下的反式-茴香脑含量和含氧化合物均显著低于对照,以5 mg·L^-1铅处理最低,而柠檬烯含量和单萜类化合物均显著高于对照,以5 mg·L^-1铅处理最高;随铅质量浓度的增加,倍半萜类化合物含量呈降低趋势,且均低于对照。因此,铅能抑制茴香植株的生长;随铅质量浓度的增加,茴香植株对铅的吸收累积显著增加;铅处理能影响茴香精油组分,显著降低反式-茴香脑和含氧化合物含量,而显著提高柠檬烯和单萜类化合物含量。     

再生水补给型城市景观水体的水生生物群落特征—以圆明园为例

为了解圆明园水环境生态和生物多样性现状,掌握圆明园生态修复区长期恢复状况,于2017年对圆明园水系末端长春园开展水质、大型水生植物、蜻蜓目(Odonata)昆虫、鱼类(Piscium)和软甲动物(Malacostraca)的调查.结果表明:圆明园经过园区内水生生物群落的净化作用,水质基本达到地表Ⅲ类～Ⅳ类水体标准,属于...     

Effect on benthic communities of a major input of organic matter and other pollutants (coast off Barcelona,Western Mediterranean)

Benthic communities on soft bottoms off Barcelona, at and around two main pollution sources, the mouth of the Besòs River and the outlet of the submarine pipeline draining wastewater and organic sludges from the wastewater treatment plant of Sant Adrià del Besòs, have been studied. Samples were obtained with a Van Veen grab from 36 stations covering a 100 km² grid, between 10 and 70 m in depth. The effect of both pollution sources is clearly seen both at the species (the following macrofauna groups have been studied: Polychaeta, Mollusca, Echinodermata and Crustacea Decapoda) and community levels. The distribution of species and individuals numbers, species diversity and a pollution index, and of some selected (indicator) polychaeta species, all clearly define the degree of environmental degradation and the extent of the areas under the influence of the organic pollution.     

Does the stock market value the inclusion in a sustainability stock index? An event study analysis for German firms

This paper empirically analyzes the effect of the inclusion of German corporations in the Dow Jones STOXX Sustainability Index (DJSI STOXX) and the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index (DJSI World) on stock performance. In order to receive robust estimation results, we apply an (short-term) event study approach that is based on both a modern asset pricing model, namely the three-factor model according to Fama and French [24], and additionally a t-GARCH(1,1) model. Our empirical results suggest that stock markets may penalize the inclusion of a firm in sustainability stock indexes. This finding is mainly driven by a strongly negative effect of the inclusion in the DJSI World. In contrast, we do not find significant average cumulative abnormal returns for the inclusion in the DJSI STOXX. This suggests that the inclusion in a more visible sustainability stock index may have larger negative impacts.     

水环境监测结果的审核重点与审核方法

环境水质监测分析过程中水质指标多,监测数据多,数据的审核工作比较复杂。数据审核是水质分析工作质量保证的一个重要环节,是整个质量保证体系中有效的控制手段。主要从理论上分析环境监测中水质指标之间的关系,为水质监测人员监测和数据审核提供参考,从而提高数据质量,为环境水质管理服务。     

有机固体废弃物堆肥的腐熟度参数及指标

腐熟度参数及其指标是评价堆肥过程及堆肥产品质量的重要尺度,本文综述了关于腐熟度的表观分析法、化学分析法、波谱分析法及植物生长分析法等４类评价方法和各种腐熟度参数及指标。