利用光合细菌处理养猪场污水的试验研究

采用煤渣作为填料 ,光合细菌培养物作为挂膜菌的生物接触氧化法 ,对养猪场污水处理进行了试验研究 ,结果表明 :CODCr,NH3 N ,NO-2 N ,S2 - 的平均去除率分别达到 89 3% ,80 1 % ,90 6% ,82 4% ;水中光合细菌数从580个 /mL增加到 4 8× 1 0 4 个 /mL ,达到了废水资源化的目的。     

生物除磷机理及试验研究

介绍了生物除磷机理、生物除磷系统的积磷细菌、生物除磷所需的环境条件。SBR法除磷的试验研究表明,应用SBR活性污泥系统进行除磷,需要一定的厌氧条件;且须在厌氧阶段进行充足的曝气。试验结果证明,SBR法在时间上控制的灵活性非常适合生物除磷的环境条件。厌氧与好氧相结合,能够提高磷的去除率或降低出水磷的浓度,磷的去除率可达90%左右。     

Distribution characteristics of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the Typha latifolia constructed wetlands using fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH)

A molecular biology method, fluorescent in situ hybridization（FISH）, in which the pre-treatment was improved in allusion to the media of the constructed wetlands（CW）, e.g. the soil and the grit, was used to investigate the vertical distribution characteristics of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria（AOB） quantity and the relation with oxidation-reduction potential（ORP） in the Typha latifolia constructed wetlands under three different Ioadings in summer from May to September. Results showed that the quantity of the AOB decreased in the Typha latifolia CW with the increase of vertical depth. However, the AOB quantity was 2-4 times the quantity of the control in the root area. Additionally, ORP in the rhizosphere was found to be higher than other areas, which showed that Typha latifolia CW was in an aerobic state in summer when using simulated non-point sewage at the rural area of Taihu Lake in China and small town combined sewage.     

镉胁迫下大豆中镉的分布状况及其籽粒品质

溶液培养中0.5μmol·L-1镉胁迫浓度下,大豆表现出轻微受害症状,籽粒减产25 . 7%,而籽粒中粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量变化不大.镉在大豆中的积累分布状况为根>叶>籽>油,比例为32.100:1.690:1.000:0.003.大豆籽粒含镉4.89mg/kg,超过了国家环境标准规定的最高容许量.而大豆粗脂肪中含镉仅0.015mg/kg,远低于国家食品环境卫生标准.豆粕中含镉6.17mg/kg,表明大豆籽粒中的镉主要存在于粗蛋白和淀粉中.     

微型生物与金属腐蚀的研究

主要研究了海洋微生物与金属腐蚀的相关性。通过调查、分析海洋微生物的性质,尤其是硫酸盐还原菌（ＳＲＢ）,用移植埋片法对海底沉积物中ＳＲＢ含量的分析,建立了ＳＲＢ含量与腐蚀率之间的表象关系,为海洋工程设计提供了重要数据。     

Analysis and improving ways for water condition in winter wheat field of dryland in subhumid areas of the loess plateau

Based on the soil moisture data from the locating experiments from 1986-1990, and using the water balance method, the water supply and demand state in the field of winter wheat, and the ways for improving water condition in dryland of subhumid by dry area of the Loess Plateau were studied. The results suggested that a low precipitation satisfying ratio of 42.9%-58.8% appears in the growing period of winter wheat, and the yield, to a great extent depends on the water that was stored in deep soil layer in the previous rainy season. The filed trial results showed that tillage in the summer fallow period,straw cover, soil moisture regulation with adequate fertilization, crop rotation and proper croppingsystem could be the efficient ways for improving the water condition,and for the exploitation and utilization of natural water resources(both precipitation and soil water) in the winter wheat field of dryland.     

水胺硫磷降解优势菌的筛选及其降解条件的研究

本文从已驯化好的活性污泥菌是悬液中分离筛选出水胺硫磷的降解优势菌，并对其降解条件进行了实验研究，当温度为２５℃，ＰＨ为６．５～７．５，水胺硫磷进水浓度１３５ｍｇ／Ｌ，停留时间为１２ｈ，在供氧条件下，水胺硫磷降解率可达７２．３％，而混合菌在最佳条件下，其水胺硫磷降解率为５５．８％，本文还要菌种进行了鉴定。     

ASMs模型中异养菌减衰系数之间的关系及其测定

国际水协(IAWQ)推出的ASM1、ASM2、ASM2D号模型中描述微生物的衰亡过程采用了死亡-再生模式,而ASM3号模型中描述微生物的衰亡则采用了传统减衰模式,文章从两种减衰模式的机理出发,指出了两者之间的区别与联系,并详细推导了两种减衰模式中各参数之间的关系,以此得出了异养菌传统减衰系数bH'和死亡-再生减衰系数bH的测定计算方法。文中在20℃条件下,对以印染废水为主的实际污水处理厂活性污泥的异养菌减衰系数bH'和bH进行了测定,所得结果分别为0.20和0.50。     

Application of compost in agricultural practice could potentially cause contamination of foodstuffs with pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli O157:H7. This study investigated pathogenic bacteria in compost collected from the compost facilities, an

IntroductionIncreasing public interests have been concerned onsafety foods and the environmental aspects recently,especially on the so-called organic foods , which are madefromcrops grown with organic fertilizers or compost but notchemical fertilizers .Pu…     

Extraction of DNA from amniotic fluid cells for the early prenatal diagnosis of genetic disease

Ten-ml samples of amniotic fluid were taken from pregnancies being terminated at 8–14 weeks' gestation. DNA was extracted from the amniotic cells by sequential centrifugation and analysed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fifteen samples were analysed for evidence of maternal contamination using Mfd5 oligo-nucleotide primers for repeat polymorphisms. Ten amniotic fluid samples were tested for the Delta-F₅₀₈ deletion characteristic of cystic fibrosis to demonstrate a diagnostic application for the technique. In each case, DNA extracted from fetal tissue from the same pregnancy was included in the controls. In 14 of the 15 cases tested with the Mfd5 primers, both the amniotic fluid DNA and the fetal DNA showed no evidence of contaminating DNA. In one case, neither the amniotic fluid cells nor the fetal cells yielded results. In nine of the ten cases tested with the Delta-F₅₀₈ primers, the amniotic fluid cell DNA provided accurate information about the genetic status of the fetus; in the tenth, the fetal DNA failed to amplify. The results indicate that adequate DNA can be extracted from amniotic fluid from 8 weeks' gestation onward and these samples are suitable for prenatal diagnosis using PCR.