高原湖泊沉积物中反硝化微生物的群落特征——以包头南海湖为例

为了探明内蒙古高原富营养化城市湖泊中nirS型反硝化细菌群落结构的特异性,利用特异性功能基因nirS对包头市南海湖的表层沉积物进行反硝化细菌多样性测定,在分析各采样点沉积物理化指标的基础上,对各样品中nirS型反硝化细菌群落和多样性进行研究.结果表明,南海湖沉积物Shannon指数变化为3.07~3.41,相比于其他研究,反硝化微生物多样性相对较低.参与反硝化的优势菌属与大多数湖泊保持一致,以假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）和红杆菌属（Rhodobacter）为主.冗余分析（RDA）指出,城市湖泊中的各种类型的污染物对反硝化优势菌属有明显的促进作用,红杆菌属（Rhodobacter）与硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮呈正相关,假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）除受硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮的影响外,还与总磷呈较强的正相关.南海湖nirS型反硝化细菌中的主要菌属促进了反硝化作用,加速了南海湖氮素的去除.     

油气田在役管道高后果区识别与完整性评价方法

根据油气管道建设与管理的相关标准与规范或导则,针对目前油气田在役管道,明确了其高后果区识别的划分及其在不同标准中的差异以及识别的原则和时间间隔,分别介绍了在管道的相关数据采集的基础上开展地质灾害和第三方破坏造成的管道风险评价方法,管道内外腐蚀的直接评价以及包括剩余强度、剩余寿命和材料在内的管道适用性评价方法,同时给出了这些评价工作所涉及到的相关内容项,对油田管道的完整性管理具有重要的指导作用和应用价值。     

硫酸盐还原菌对EH40焊接钢海水腐蚀的影响

目的研究无菌和SRB体系中EH40钢焊接接头的母材区、热影响区和焊缝区腐蚀差异。方法利用金相显微镜观察、失重法、电化学测试、扫描电镜和X射线光电子能谱仪等分析手段。结果焊缝区微观组织由块状铁素体(BLF)和魏氏组织(W)组成;热影响区可再分为粗晶区(CGHAZ)和细晶区(FGHAZ)两个区;母材区主要由BLF、AF和少量珠光体组成。在无菌对照体系中,焊缝区腐蚀速率为0.0026 mm/a,混合区次之,为0.0023 mm/a,母材区最小,为0.0019 mm/a。含SRB体系中,各区的腐蚀速率为:焊缝区(0.0037 mm/a)混合区(0.0034 mm/a)母材区(0.0030 mm/a)。热影响区腐蚀产物形貌粗大,点蚀孔也较大。结论焊缝区比母材区容易腐蚀,由此易造成小阳极大阴极加速腐蚀,热影响区容易发生点蚀。SRB能促进三个区域试样腐蚀加速。     

Characterization of microbial communities from coastal waters using microarrays

Molecular methods, including DNA probes, were used to identify and enumerate pathogenic Vibrio species in the Chesapeake Bay; our data indicated that Vibrio vulnificus exhibits seasonal fluctuations in number. Our work included a characterization of total microbial communities from the Bay; development of microarrays that identify and quantify the diversity of those communities; and observation of temporal changes in those communities. To identify members of the microbial community, we amplified the 16S rDNA gene from community DNA isolated from a biofilm sample collected from the Chesapeake Bay in February, 2000. The resultant 75 sequences were 95% or more similar to 7 species including two recently described Shewanella species, baltica and frigidimarina, that have not been previously isolated from the Chesapeake. When the genera of bacteria from biofilm after culturing are compared to those detected by subcloning amplified 16S fragments from community DNA, the cultured sample exhibited a strong bias. In oysters collected in February, the most common bacteria were previously unknown. Based on our 16S findings, we are developing microarrays to detect these and other microbial species in these estuarine communities. The microarrays will detect each species using four distinct loci, with the multiple loci serving as an internal control. The accuracy of the microarray will be measured using sentinel species such as Aeromonas species, Escherichia coli, and Vibrio vulnificus. Using microarrays, it should be possible to determine the annual fluctuations of bacterial species (culturable and non-culturable, pathogenic and non-pathogenic). The data may be applied to understanding patterns of environmental change; assessing the health of the Bay; and evaluating the risk of human illness associated with exposure to and ingestion of water and shellfish.     

滇池细菌总数与有机碳、氮、磷的调查研究

通过对滇池水体一年多的定点采样工作,重点调查研究了草海、外海表层水中细菌数量及有机营养盐碳、氮、磷的季节变化规律,分析探讨了细菌总数与环境条件和有机营养盐之间的某些关系.对滇池富营养治理提出了一些建议,并提出利用微生物学的方法参与这一研究.     

胶州湾潮间带和沿岸区硫酸盐还原菌含量分布

用 Ｍ Ｐ Ｎ 法对胶州湾潮间带和沿岸区的硫酸盐还原菌（ 缩写为 Ｓ Ｒ Ｂ） 含量作了研究，结果表明表层沉积物的 Ｓ Ｒ Ｂ 含量大约是４１ ×１０７ 个细胞／ｇ ，波动范围较大。水中的 Ｓ Ｒ Ｂ 含量约２５ ×１０２／ｍｌ。分析了 Ｓ Ｒ Ｂ 含量的分布状况，发现调查区内的 Ｓ Ｒ Ｂ 含量基本上呈现出北高南低、西高东低之势，即工业区、港口区的高于海水浴场、海滨旅游区的。证实了生活废弃物的排放致其环境 Ｓ Ｒ Ｂ 含量特高。 Ｓ Ｒ Ｂ 含量分布状况大体上与以往所测环境污染状况一致。对虾养殖池的 Ｓ Ｒ Ｂ 含量意味着水产养殖必须考虑这一因子的作用     

赣南数字地震台网近震分析与震情速报

震相识别与分析是地震预报与速报的基础.为识别赣南地区的震相,用震例统计和实例说明了不同距离,不同方位,不同类型的地震震相特征、地震震相与爆破波形的区别,并阐述了如何快速、准确地对有感地震进行速报.     

硫酸厂淤泥中SRB的选育及特性研究

从硫酸厂废水淤泥中分离筛选出了一株 SRB,其菌体形态呈弧状或细杆状 ,成熟细胞大小 0 .4～ 0 .6× 3 .0～ 5 .0μm,摇摆式运动 ,单极生鞭毛 ,芽孢染色阴性 ,革兰氏染色阴性 ;最适生长 p H6.0～ 6,5 ;适量氧气不会影响细菌生长 ,菌体内含过氧化氢酶。本文还探讨了该类细菌的分离培养方法 ,考察了分离菌部分生理生化特征及对硫酸盐还原能力 ,优化了培养基配方 ,并初步鉴定分离菌为脱硫弧菌     

大气微小颗粒物中汞的污染特性初步研究

采用分级采样器采集大气中微小颗粒物中的汞,用冷原子吸收测汞仪分析。结果表明,颗粒态汞浓度随粒径分布呈双峰型,2个峰值分别出现在粒径1.0μm和4.0μm左右,与水溶性离子,碳含量的粒径分布基本一致。PM_(1.6)、PM_(8)和TSP中颗粒态汞的浓度分别为0.150、0.273、0.429ng/m~3,汞的质量分数分别为3.75.1.09、1.07μg/g,高于背景参考值;结果还表明,颗粒态汞主要集中在细颗粒中。通过正态概率分布测算,PM_(1.6)、PM_(6)中汞主要来自于1个主体源;PM_(1.6)中汞的浓度与硫酸根离子呈显著性相关,而与硝酸根离子、氯离子则不显著相关:说明颗粒物中汞的主要来源可能与燃煤有关。     

Characterization of sulfide oxidation and optimization of sulfate production by a thermophilic Paenibacillus naphthalenovorans LYH-3 isolated from sewage sludge composting

The sulfur-containing odor emitted from sludge composting could be controlled by sulfide oxidizing bacteria, yet mesophilic strains show inactivation during the thermophilic stage of composting. Aimed to investigate and characterize the thermotolerant bacterium that could oxidize sulfide into sulfate, a heterotrophic strain was isolated from sewage sludge composting and identified as Paenibacillus naphthalenovorans LYH-3. The effects of various environmental factors on sulfide oxidation capacities were studied to optimize the sulfate production, and the highest production rate (27.35% ± 0.86%) was obtained at pH 7.34, the rotation speed of 161.14 r/min, and the inoculation amount of 5.83% by employing Box-Behnken design. The results of serial sulfide substrates experiments indicated that strain LYH-3 could survive up to 400 mg/L of sulfide with the highest sulfide removal rate (88.79% ± 0.35%) obtained at 50 mg/L of sulfide. Growth kinetic analysis presented the maximum specific growth rate µ_m (0.5274 hr⁻¹) after 22 hr cultivation at 50°C. The highest enzyme activities of sulfide quinone oxidoreductase (0.369 ± 0.052 U/mg) and sulfur dioxygenase (0.255 ± 0.014 U/mg) were both obtained at 40°C, and the highest enzyme activity of sulfite acceptor oxidoreductase (1.302 ± 0.035 U/mg) was assessed at 50°C. The results indicated that P. naphthalenovorans possessed a rapid growth rate and efficient sulfide oxidation capacities under thermophilic conditions, promising a potential application in controlling sulfur-containing odors during the thermophilic stage of sludge composting.