鞘细菌细胞吸附Cr(Ⅵ)条件的研究

采用实验室保藏的鞘细菌,经过液体扩大培养后处理含Cr(Ⅵ)的废液,通过振荡吸附试验考察一系列物理化学因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,鞘细菌吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的适宜pH为8.0,适宜温度为30℃,适宜的菌龄是液体培养18h,适宜的吸附时间为8h,适宜的投加量是0.05g/100mL;在Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度为5mg/L时,吸附量可以达到2.25mg/g,吸附后液体中Cr(Ⅵ)残留仅为0.45mg/L;废水中的有机质浓度对吸附有很大影响,其中COD为100mg/L时可以促进Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附。结果说明鞘细菌可以很好的降低污废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)。     

Cluster formation in liverwort-associated methylobacteria and its implications

Pink-pigmented methylotropic bacteria of the genus Methylobacterium inhabit the surfaces of plant organs. In bryophytes, these methylobacteria enhance cell growth, but the nature of this plant–microbe interaction is largely unknown. In this study, methylobacteria were isolated from the upper surface of the free-living thalli of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L. Identification of one strain by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene-targeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and other data show that these microbes represent an undescribed species of the genus Methylobacterium (Methylobacterium sp.). The growth-promoting activity of these wild-type methylobacteria was tested and compared with that of the type strain Methylobacterium mesophilicum. Both types of methylobacteria stimulated surface expansion of isolated gemmae from Marchantia polymorpha by about 350%. When suspended in water, the liverwort-associated bacteria (Methylobacterium sp.) formed dense clusters of up to 600 cells. In liquid cultures of Methylobacterium mesophilicum, single cells were observed, but no clustering occurred. We suggest that the liverwort-associated methylobacteria are co-evolved symbionts of the plants: Cluster formation may be a behavior that enhances the survival of the epiphytic microbes during periods of drought of these desiccation-tolerant lower plants.     

微生物铁氧化作用对砷迁移转化的影响

采用厌氧培养的方法,从砷污染的水稻上中富集依赖硝酸盐的铁氧化菌群,通过监测培养体系中Fe和A$的形态变化模拟水稻厌氧条件下微生物铁氧化过程对As迁移转化的影响.结果表明,约96%外源添加的Fe(Ⅱ)可在10d内氧化成Fe(Ⅲ),As(Ⅲ)对Fe(Ⅱ)的初期氧化速率具有一定的抑制作用;在微生物铁氧化过程中,As(Ⅲ)被氧...     

长江口潮滩表层沉积物中碱性磷酸酶活性及其影响因素

以长江口潮滩作为研究区域,对表层沉积物中碱性磷酸酶活性、解磷微生物量、磷组分及理化性质的时空分布特征进行了分析.结果表明,长江口潮滩湿地沉积物中碱性磷酸酶活性具有显著的季节性、区域性差异,冬季（1月）碱性磷酸酶活性较低,介于0.65～1.59μg.g-.1h-1之间;夏季（8、9月份）最高,变化范围为1.80～5.64...     

超声波-缺氧/好氧消化过程污泥EPS、酶活性及菌落数的变化研究

为研究超声波促进污泥缺氧/好氧消化的机理,采用最佳超声波参数（超声频率28kHz,超声密度0.1W.mL-1,超声时间15min,超声间隔时间12h）与缺氧/好氧消化衔接进行间歇试验,研究了消化过程中污泥胞外聚合物（EPS）组分（蛋白质、多糖、DNA）和相应溶出物占总量的比例,以及酶活性（蛋白酶,脱氢酶）和菌落数的变化...     

Removal of ammonium-N from ammonium-rich sewage using an immobilized Bacillus subtilis AYC bioreactor system

A self-design bioreactor system employing a fixed bed operation process with immobilized Bacillus subtilis AYC beads for NH4 +-N removal from slightly polluted water was proposed. Polyvinyl alcohol and Na-alginate were used as a gel matrix to entrap Bacillus subtilis AYC to form the immobilized beads. The NH4 +-N removal process was studied in a intermittent operation mode to examine the start-up and steady state behaviors of the immobilized AYC in the reactor. The results indicated that the reactor was in the start-up state during the first week. NH4 +-N began to be steadily removal since the second week, and the nitrogen removal rate was between 84.61% and 96.19% when the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 30 min. To apply Bacillus subtilis AYC to develop a practical nitrogen removal system and further understand its nitrogen removal ability, the bioreactor was continuously operated under different experimental perameters. The results showed that under the optimum conditions of an HRT of 20 min and DO of 3.77–5.80 mg/L, the NH4 +-N removal rate reached 99.55%. The NH4 +-N removal rate increased as the C/N ratio increased. However, a high C/N may cause a high residual carbon level in the effluent, therefore, the most suitable C/N ratio was 10. In addition, the results showed that the bioreactor system could remove many types of nitrogen such as NH4 +-N, NO3??-N and organic-N, and had a good performance for inorganic nitrogen removal from sewage.     

Isolation and characterization of facultative mixotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria from constructed wetlands

Autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) have been widely studied in constructed wetlands systems, while mixotrophic AOB have been less thoroughly examined. Heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from wastewater and rhizospheres of macrophytes of constructed wetlands, and then cultivated in a mixotrophic medium containing ammonium and acetic acid. A molecular characterization was accomplished using ITS-PCR amplification, and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Results showed the presence of 35 bacteria, among 400 initially heterotrophic isolates, that were able to remove ammonia. These 35 isolates were classified into 10 genetically different groups based on ITS pattern. Then, a collection of 10 isolates were selected because of their relatively high ammonia removal efficiencies (ARE ≥ 80%) and their phylogenetic diversity. In conditions of mixotrophy, these strains were shown to be able to grow (increase of optical density OD₆₆₀ during incubation with assimilation of nitrogen into cellular biomass) and to oxidize ammonia (important ammonia oxidation efficiencies, AOE between 79% and 87%). Among these facultative mixotrophic AOB, four isolates were genetically related to Firmicutes (Bacillus and Exiguobacterium), three isolates were affiliated to Actinobacteria (Arthrobacter) and three other isolates were associated with Proteobacteria (Pseudomonas, Ochrobactrum and Bordetella).     

Autotrophic denitrification for nitrate and nitrite removal using sulfur-limestone

In the study, both nitrate and nitrite could be removed effectively using sulfur-limestone, and the bacteria involved in sulfur-based denitrification for nitrate and nitrite removal were of the same species.     

缺氧反硝化聚磷菌对生物除磷的影响

随着现代城市生活水平提高,丰富的各种日用品给生活带来了极大的便利,同时也给城市污水的处理除了一大难题。日常生活中各种洗衣液、灭菌液、清厕灵等表面活性剂产品的使用,导致城市生活污水碳源不足,磷含量明显增高,碳、氮、磷比例失调,最终,城市生活污水处理厂的除磷运行不稳定,出水磷指标不理想。如何提高城市污水处理厂的除磷效果一直是研究的热点。针对这个问题,在保证出水氮达标排放的前提下,重点关注除磷效果。因此,实验以广州市西朗污水处理厂改良A2O工艺为场所,通过调整预缺氧段、厌氧段、缺氧段的进水比例为1∶2∶3及内外回流比例,监控各段磷的含量变化,发现在缺氧段具有较高的除磷效率,可能存在反硝化聚磷菌,从而为实现同类工艺的除磷达标排放提供参考。     

SBR中短程反硝化除磷菌的培养驯化研究

以周期运行培养方式在间隙反应器中驯化以亚硝酸盐作为电子受体的反硝化除磷菌,并比较了硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐作为电子受体时反硝化除磷的效果.结果表明,经厌氧/好氧+厌氧/缺氧(连续投加硝酸盐)+厌氧/缺氧/好氧(连续投加亚硝酸盐)方式成功筛选出能以亚硝酸盐作电子受体的反硝化除磷菌,该系统磷的去除率可达88.62％;在外加硝酸盐,...