饮用水净化工艺中磷的去除研究

利用一种新的微生物学分析方法,研究了原水中微生物可利用磷(MAP)以及总磷(TP)、溶解性正磷酸盐(SRP)在净水工艺中的去除情况.结果表明,生物预处理、生物活性炭及常规的混凝沉淀砂滤工艺均使水中的MAP、TP及SRP大大降低;生物预处理和生物活性炭对水中MAP的去除效率高于对TP的去除效率;常规处理对原水中MAP的去除率超过90%,TP的去除率在80%以上.臭氧氧化对水中TP和SRP的影响不大,但是使MAP增加.试验原水经过净水处理后,水中可供细菌利用的磷源降低到很低的水平,说明处理后的水中磷源可能成为水中细菌生长的限制因子.     

广州市不同粒径大气颗粒物有机提取物的致突变性研究

为了了解广州市大气气溶胶中不同粒径颗粒物中有机物的污染水平以及其对人体健康的影响 ,用 6段分级采样器分段采集 相似文献   

北京市大气细粒态气溶胶的化学成分研究

2000年6月在北京北郊中国科学院大气物理所气象塔观测场采集了大气中细粒态气溶胶样品.用质子诱导X射线荧光分析法(PIXE)对样品进行了分析,得到Al、Si、P、S、Cl、K等19种元素的浓度及其谱分布并对当前北京市大气气溶胶的来源、化学元素成分的变化进行了研究.结果表明,这19种元素中的许多元素的浓度与过去相比有不同幅度的降低,说明北京市对大气污染的防治是有效果的.     

Aerosol Properties Over Japan Determined by Sun/Sky Photometry

The field-experiment campaigns of the Asian Atmospheric Particulate Environment Change Studies (APEX-E1 in December 2000, -E2 in spring 2001, and -E3 in spring 2003) aimed at understanding Asian aerosols. Our sun/sky photometric measurements of atmospheric light have joined these campaigns by using multispectral photometers (CE-318-1 and -2, Cimel Electronique; and POM-100P, Prede) at Noto, Shirahama, and Fukue-jima, Japan. This paper focuses on aerosol retrieval during the APEX-E3 campaign. Aerosol optical thickness, Ångström exponent, single-scattering albedo and the refractive index derived from these ground-based measurements can be classified into three categories of aerosols: (1) an oceanic type of typical background aerosols over Japan, (2) an anthropogenic type, and (3) a soil-dust type. The data from APEX experiments demonstrate that aerosols over Japan exhibit complicated spatial and temporal features involving mixtures of compounds.     

兰州市不同季节大气微生物气溶胶粒径及分布特征研究

大气微生物对人类危害不仅与微生物气溶胶浓度和种类有关,而且大气微生物气溶胶粒径尺度大小及其分布特征也是重要的影响因素.在兰州市城关区选取不同环境功能区对其室外大气微生物气溶胶粒径(D,μm)大小及分布特征进行研究,结果表明,不同环境功能区大气细菌、霉菌和放线菌气溶胶粒度分布特征存在季节性分布差异,其中大气细菌气溶胶粒径...     

A Contribution to the Study of the Antidust Respirators’ Real Performance

In most industrial enterprises, hazardous factors are present in quantities exceeding permissible levels. Such a situation requires using antidust respiratory protection. It has been suggested, however, that filters for respirators are not assessed properly and that lab results might not be related to real filtering efficiency in industry. This article contains test results of some commercially available filtering half-masks, including the effect of loading with real dust, high humidity, high temperature, and a combination of loading with dust and high humidity on the half-masks’ performance. The results show that the effect of these factors is considerable and that a combination of loading with silica dust and exposing to high humidity can cause a complete loss of performance.     

Deposition and Resuspension of Selected Aerosols Particles on Electrically Charged Filter Materials for Respiratory Protective Devices

The primary aim of the study was to analyse the non-steady state of filtration for selected electrostatic filter materials designed for use in respiratory protective devices. The obtained results showed that the filtration process in electrostatic filters was dependent in the main on the following factors: type of the filter material, electrostatic field strength of the material, and the charge of the aerosol.

To a lesser degree the filtration process depended on the sign of the charge and the relative humidity of the air. A significant correlation was found between the increase in the penetration and the decrease in breathing resistance while the filter was being loaded.

The effect of resuspension (tearing off and re-deposition of dust agglomerates inside the filter) on the filtration process very significant. It was also observed that under certain conditions electrostatic filter materials lost their protection properties.     

V-shaped substrate for surface and volume enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis of microplastics

● V-shaped substrate was obtained for SERS analysis of microplastics (diameter ≈ 1 μm). ● Enhancement factor of V-shaped substrate can reach 20 in microplastics detection. ● V-shaped nanopore array can bring additional volume enhancement. ● V-shaped substrate was more economic in application compared to Klarite substrate. Research on the microplastics (MPs) is developing towards smaller size, but corresponding methods for the rapid and accurate detection of microplastics, especially nanoplastics still present challenge. In this work, a novel surface and volume enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate was developed for the rapid detection of microplastic particles below 5 μm. The gold nanoparticles (NPs) were deposited onto the surface and into the V-shaped nanopores of anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) through magnetron sputtering or ion sputtering, and then AuNPs@V-shaped AAO SERS substrate was obtained and studied for microplastic detection. SERS performance of AuNPs@V-shaped AAO SERS substrate was evaluated through the detection of polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate microspheres. Results indicated that individual polystyrene sphere with a diameter of 1 μm can be well detected on AuNPs@V-shaped AAO SERS substrate, and the maximum enhancement factor (EF) can reach 20. In addition, microplastics in ambient atmospheric samples were collected and tested to verify the effectiveness of the AuNPs@V-shaped AAO SERS substrate in the real environment. This study provides a rapid, economic and simple method for detecting and identifying microplastics with small size.     

北京市冬季气溶胶粒子尺度谱分布研究

对2000年12月和1980年代中期北京市近地面气溶胶尺度谱的观测数据,进行了分析和比较研究.结果表明,在粒子尺度谱上,粒子分布向更细粒子位移;0.1～2.0 μm的积聚模态粒子,其峰中心在0.12 μm处.在粒子体积(质量)尺度谱上,粒径小于2 μm的细粒子约占26.9%,粗粒子约占73.1%,表现出细粒子浓度增加的趋势.气溶胶发生源结构的变化,使原生粒子减少,再生粒子增加.这部分粒子对人的危害更大,更难于治理.     

抗番茄青枯病复合菌剂的筛选构建及其防效

通过土壤浸出液培养基和菌间相互拮抗试验,筛选并构建出由能拮抗土传病原菌的拮抗菌系和与之协同、快速繁殖的营养菌系组成的复合菌剂.复合菌剂在25～40 ℃,pH=6.0～8.0条件下生长良好.对番茄青枯病的平板拮抗试验的结果表明,复合菌剂对番茄青枯病病原菌、病土及番茄青枯病株中的微生物均有明显拮抗作用.盆栽试验结果显示,施入复合菌剂,可延缓病土的青枯病发病时间8～19 d并减少发病株数2～3株,防效明显.