茄科雷尔氏菌蛋白质相互作用网络预测及分析

细菌性青枯病是由茄科雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)引起的一种世界范围的细菌性土传病害.该细菌基因组序列的完全测序,使得从蛋白质组角度来分析其蛋白质相互作用网络成为可能.本文通过朴素贝叶斯模型整合系统发生谱法、基因邻近法、基因融合法、操纵子法、同源映射法、微阵列法、域相互作用法等7种方法,并根据约豋指数确定的阙值,预测了可信的茄科雷尔氏菌的蛋白质相互作用网络.对网络中的分泌子网络和信号转导进行了分析,提出可能的药物作用靶点(cyaB、pilD、Fli、Rsp1526、VsrA、VsrB、PilH).对于未注释的蛋白依据蛋白相互作用推测了部分蛋白质的功能.本文也提供了完全免费的在线数据库支持,提供了方便的茄科雷尔氏菌的蛋白相互作用的查询及相互作用数据和推测的蛋白质功能数据的查询和下载(http://www.scbmp.org.cn/rsoppi.php).     

北江河水中抗生素抗性基因污染初步研究（Preliminary Studies on the Pollution Levels of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Water of Beijiang River, South China）

环境中细菌的耐药性,尤其是对抗生素的耐药性已成为影响生态环境的重要因素.论文采用抗生素抗性平板法调查了北江河水中四环素、红霉素及磺胺类这3类抗生素耐药性细菌的存在,采用定性PCR及荧光定量PCR方法分别研究了该水域sul1和sul2这2种磺胺类抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)的存在和含量水平.结果表明,所采集北江水域的9个样品中有5个对四环素有耐药性,7个对红霉素有耐药性,8个对磺胺二甲嘧啶有耐药性;定性PCR实验并经基因测序结果证实,5个样品含有sul1,4个样品含有sul2.进一步的PCR定量分析结果显示,7个样品中均检出sul1和sul2磺胺抗性基因,它们与内对照基因16S-rRNA表达量比值分别在10-2.56~10-0.52及10-3.25~10-1.24范围内,该结果显著高于美国科罗拉多州北部河流的研究结果.此外,数据分析也发现,sul1和sul2磺胺抗性基因的含量水平与该区域水中磺胺含量分布具有一定的相关性,表明外源性抗生素对河流的污染是诱导抗性基因的重要因素.     

Developed fungal–bacterial biofilms as a novel tool for bioremoval of hexavelant chromium from wastewater

Remediation measures for hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] are required for a safe environment. As a recent development in microbiology, bacterial biofilms are being studied as effective bioremediation agents. When bacteria are in fungal surface-attached biofilm mode, they are called fungal–bacterial biofilms (FBBs). They have not been tested for bioremediation so far. Hence, this study was conducted to develop FBBs and glass-wool-attached bacterial biofilms (BBs), and to evaluate Cr(VI) tolerability and removal of bacterial monocultures, BBs and FBBs. FBBs showed a significantly high level of Cr(VI) tolerance and resistance compared with its BBs or monocultures. After 10 days, up to 90% of Cr(VI) had been removed, which was significantly higher than that of BBs or its monocultures. Thus, it is clear that FBBs can be used as a novel tool to decontaminate Cr(VI) both in situ and ex situ.     

外加磷提高生物预处理效果的试验研究

利用国内研究较多的生物陶粒滤池预处理工艺,在我国北方某水库原水中添加微量的磷,考察磷对生物预处理的促进作用通过生物分析方法,发现在原水水样中添加50μg/L的PO₄^3--P(NaH₂PO₄)后,可以促进原水中细菌的生长,BDOC也有所增加,证明了原水中磷对细菌生长的限制因子作用陶粒滤池的实际运行结果表明,对于本试验所用原水,添加25μg/L的PO₄^3--P(H₃PO₄)后,生物陶粒滤池对水中CODMn的去除率平均提高4.7个百分点,UV254和TOC的去除率分别提高3.6和5.7个百分点.由此为提高生物预处理的运行效果提供了一个新的思路,也说明磷在饮用水中的作用需要引起重视.     

饮用水中磷与细菌再生长的关系

采用改进的可同化有机碳(AOC)和微生物可利用磷(MAP)方法,针对T市J水厂水源水、处理工艺以及一条配水干管中磷对细菌生长的限制作用进行了研究.结果表明:①水源水与处理工艺中MAP较高(5～38μg/L),配水管网中MAP较低(<5μg/L),且管网水中的MAP随着管线的延长基本保持不变.②常规处理工艺能够有效地去除水中的MAP(去除率为34.0%～83.7%).③在水源水和处理工艺中,水样的AOC_{potential<、sub>、AOCP与AOCnative没有显著差别,说明AOC是微生物生长繁殖的决定因素.该研究配水干管中,水样的AOCpotential、AOCP为AOCnative的2～8.7倍,磷成为细菌再生长的限制因子.}     

预酸化下营养剂添加量对生物沥浸处理洗毛废水的影响

洗毛废水是洗毛生产工艺排出的兼具高COD、高悬浮固体浓度、高色度、难固液分离等典型特征,且对环境存在潜在污染的一类工业废水。通过摇瓶实验,研究了预酸化条件下,生物沥浸技术对洗毛废水的处理效果。结果表明,当洗毛废水经预酸化至p H 5.5、营养剂浓度≥4 g/L、回流比例为1∶1的情况下,3个批次实验内复合菌群生物沥浸过程稳定,洗毛废水能够很好地完成生物沥浸过程。反应结束后体系p H稳定在3.0左右,COD去除率高达90%以上,色度由原来的1 875倍降到20倍,沉淀中油脂去除率高于65%,且比阻降低至原来的0.2%~0.3%。而在对照处理中,体系p H值稳定在8.0左右,COD去除率小于10%,油脂去除率不足10%,洗毛废水比阻仅降低20%。因此,采用预酸化及生物沥浸作用有利于洗毛废水酸化处理的连续运行并具有良好的应用前景。     

Analysis of bacterial community structures in two sewage treatment plants with different sludge properties and treatment performance by nested PCR-DGGE method

The bacterial community structures in two sewage treatment plants with different processes and performance were investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） of nested polymerase chain reaction （nested PCR） amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments with group-specific primers. Samples of raw sewage and treated effluents were amplified using the whole-cell PCR method, and the activated sludge samples were amplified using the extracted genomic DNA before the PCR products were loaded on the same DGGE gel for bacterial community analysis. Ammonia-oxidizing bacterial and actinomycetic community analysis were also carried out to investigate the relationship between specific population structures and system or sludge performance. The two plants demonstrated a similarity in bacterial community structures of raw sewage and activated sludge, but they had different effluent populations. Many dominant bacterial populations of raw sewage did not appear in the activated sludge samples, suggesting that the dominant bacterial populations in raw sewage might not play an important role during wastewater treatment. Although the two plants had different sludge properties in terms of settleability and foam forming ability, they demonstrated similar actinomycetic community structures. For activated sludge with bad settling performance, the treated water presented a similar DGGE pattern with that of activated sludge, indicating the nonselective washout of bacteria from the system. The plant with better ammonium removal efficiency showed higher ammonia-oxidizing bacteria species richness. Analysis of sequencing results showed that the major populations in raw sewage were uncultured bacterium, while in activated sludge the predominant populations were beta proteobacteria.     

序批式接触氧化反应器中细菌多样性及其功能

采用分子生物学手段,通过构建16S rDNA基因文库,对新型剩余污泥减量化处理系统——序批式生物砾间接触氧化反应器中细菌多样性进行了系统发育分析,并讨论了多种细菌共存对剩余污泥减量化的贡献.共有72个克隆子用于细菌系统发育分析. 结果表明:填料表面附着细菌与孔隙内细菌由变型菌属、噬纤维菌-屈挠杆菌-拟杆菌组(CFB)、硝化杆菌科、低G+C革兰氏阳性细菌、高G+C革兰氏阳性细菌、疣微菌科和绿菌科等七大类细菌组成. 其中,优势菌群分别是以兼具呼吸/发酵代谢方式的β变形菌纲(分别占生物膜和内泥中克隆子总量的18%和35%)和δ变形菌纲,以及以呼吸/发酵为主要代谢方式的CFB(分别占克隆子总量的24%和23%). 多种细菌对剩余污泥减量化的主要功能可归纳为能量解偶联、共代谢作用、生物溶胞作用和慢性生长种群的影响.      

青藏高原冰川雪细菌与气候环境的关系

通过荧光显微镜测定细菌密度,利用DGGE图谱和Shannon-Weaver指数分析细菌种类多样性,对青藏高原北部老虎沟12号冰川、南部东绒布冰川和东南部海螺沟2号冰川雪坑的细菌密度和种类多样性做了差异性分析. 结果表明:老虎沟12号冰川雪坑细菌密度平均值比东绒布冰川和海螺沟2号冰川高,老虎沟12号冰川雪坑细菌种类多样性比东绒布冰川高,这与高原南、北部不同大气环流引起的大气微粒含量的差异性有关. 海螺沟2号冰川雪坑细菌种类多样性均最高,与该冰川所受的大气环流多样性最高相一致. 东绒布冰川雪坑细菌密度平均值与南极点相近,与其远离人类污染,因而大气环境本底值低有关. 海拔高的东绒布冰川雪坑细菌密度和种类多样性均比海拔低的海螺沟2号冰川和老虎沟12号冰川低,即二者与海拔高度呈反比.      

微生物技术改善河道水质的研究

该课题是探索直接利用人工培养的微生物改善河道水质的研究。在桂林桃花江河道投放反硝化细菌制剂2个月后,水质有了一定程度的改善,COD和TN的浓度降低,但TP和浊度变化幅度不大。受进水水质和低温天气的影响,反硝化细菌制剂的净化作用及反硝化作用不能充分发挥。