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151.
两种N源对石油烃降解菌群降解柴油能力的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分别以酵母膏作为有机N源,(NH4)2SO4作为无机N源,在含N量相同(70 mmol/L)的条件下,按接种量2%,柴油1%,25℃,150 r/min摇床恒温培养,对海洋石油烃降解菌群进行了为期30 d 的液体摇瓶降解实验,通过GC-MS测定和分析,对柴油中正烷烃的降解情况进行了对比研究.结果表明,对柴油含量为1%的培养液,应用这两种不同N源,降解菌群对正烷烃的最终降解效果相同,均能完全降解,但有机N源只需3 d 时间就能完全降解正烷烃,比无机N源的降解时间短10倍多.因此,酵母膏对柴油的微生物降解具有极大的促进作用. 相似文献
152.
This is the first detailed characterization of the airborne bacterial profiles in indoor environments. Two restaurants were selected for this study. Fifteen genera of bacteria were isolated from each restaurant and identified by three different bacterial identification systems including MIDI, Biolog and Riboprinter®. The dominant bacteria of both restaurants were Gram-positive bacteria in which Micrococcus and Bacillus species were the most abundant. Most bacteria identified were representative species of skin and respiratory tract of human, and soil. Although the bacterial levels in these two restaurants were below the limit of the Hong Kong Indoor Air Quality Objective (HKIAQO) Level 1 standard (i.e., < 500 cfu/m3), the majority of these bacteria were opportunistic pathogens. These results suggested that the identity of airborne bacteria should also be included in the IAQ to ensure there is a safety guideline for the public. 相似文献
153.
We investigated the correlation between performance and the bacteria community composition by H2S and toluene co-treatment.
Operation of the bioreactor was divided into four stages, in which the inlet concentration of toluene and H2S were gradually increased.
In Stage I, toluene was the sole target compound with an average removal e ciency of 86.49%. After adding H2S in Stage II, removal
e ciency of toluene decreased immediately and recovered gradually to 85.96%. When the inlet concentration of toluene and H2S
was increased in Stage III and Stage IV, respectively, the average removal e ciency for toluene increased continuously from 86.31%
to 87.24%. The elimination capacities of toluene increased with increasing inlet loading rates of toluene and H2S. Results of the
PCR-DGGE analysis showed a turnover growth and decline of the microbial populations in the bioreactor. In Stage I, the dominant
toluene-degrading bacteria mainly contained Pseudomonas sp. strain PS+ and Hydrogenophaga sp. In Stage IV, however, the dominant
toluene-degrading bacteria was aciduric bacteria (Clostridium populeti). The dominant microbial community in the bioreactor enhanced
the elimination capacity of toluene, and adding H2S changed the environment of microbial growth, thus resulted in an evolution of
dominant microorganisms. Analyses of microbial community and their activities provides valuable information to e ciently enhance
simultaneous removal of toluene and H2S in the bioreactor. 相似文献
154.
An E. coli SOS-EGFP biosensor which expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein as a reporter protein under the control of recA gene promoter in SOS response was constructed for detection of DNA damage and evaluation of DNA damaging chemicals. The chemicals that may cause substantial DNA damage will trigger SOS response in the constructed bacterial biosensor, and then the reporter egfp gene under the control of recA promoter is stimulated to express as a fluorescent protein, allowing fast and sensitive fluorescence detection. Interestingly, this biosensor can be simultaneously applied for evaluation of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. The SOS-EGFP bacterial biosensor provides a sensitive, specific and simple method for detecting known and potential DNA damaging chemicals. 相似文献
155.
Tatoba R. Waghmode Mayur B. Kurade Anuradha N. Kagalkar Sanjay P. Govindwar 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(7):1295-1304
The present work aims to evaluate Brown 3 REL degrading potential of developed microbial consortium GG-BL using two microbial cultures, Galactomyces geotrichum MTCC 1360 (GG) and Brevibacillus laterosporus MTCC 2298 (BL). Microbial consortium GG-BL showed 100% decolorization of a dye Brown 3 REL, while individually G. geotrichum MTCC 1360 and B. laterosporus MTCC 2298 showed 26% and 86% decolorization under aerobic condition (shaking) respectively. Measurements of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (76%) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (68%) were done after decolorization by consortium GG-BL. No induction in activities of oxidoreductive enzymes found in G. geotrichum while B. laterosporus showed induction of veratryl alcohol oxidase, Nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide-dichlorophenol indophenol (NADH-DCIP) reductase and riboflavin reductase indicating their role in dye metabolism. Consortium GG-BL showed induction in the activities of laccase, veratryl alcohol oxidase, tyrosinase, NADH-DCIP reductase and riboflavin reductase. Two different sets of induced enzymes from G. geotrichum and B. laterosporus work together in consortium GG-BL resulting in faster degradation of dye. The degradation of Brown 3 REL was analyzed using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Phytotoxicity study revealed that metabolites formed after degradation was significantly less toxic in nature. 相似文献
156.
Bacterial diversity and distribution in the southeast edge of the Tengger Desert and their correlation with soil enzyme activities 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Wei Zhang Gaosen Zhang Guangxiu Liu Zhibao Dong Tuo Chen Manxiao Zhang Paul J. Dyson Lizhe An 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(11):2004-2011
The nature of microbial communities and their relation to enzyme activities in desert soils is a neglected area of investigation. To address this, the bacterial diversity and distribution and soil physico-chemical factors were investigated in the soil crust, the soil beneath the crust and rhizosphere soil at the southeast edge of the Tengger Desert, using the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA genes amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced DGGE bands revealed a great diversity of bacteria. The Proteobacteria, consisting of the α, β, and γ subdivisions, were clearly the dominant group at all depths and in rhizosphere soil. Analysis of the enzyme activities indicated that the rhizosphere soil of Caragana korshinskii exhibited the highest protease and polyphenol oxidase activities, and in the soil crust there were increased activities of catalase, urease, dehydrogenase and sucrase. The bacterial community abundance closely correlated with soil enzyme activities in different soils. The presence of Cyanobacteria correlated with significant increases in protease, catalase and sucrase in the soil crust, and increased urease in the rhizosphere soil of Artemisia ordosica. The occurrence of Acidobacteria was associated with significant increases in urease, dehydrogenase, and sucrase in the rhizosphere soil of C. korshinski. The presence of γ-Proteobacteria correlated with a significant increase in polyphenol oxidase in the rhizosphere soil of A. ordosica. The study indicated a close relationship between the soil bacterial community and soil enzymes, suggesting the necessity of further investigations into bacterial function in this desert ecosystem. 相似文献
157.
氮磷胁迫下藻-菌群落的变化研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
近年来,由于水体富营养化而导致的蓝藻水华在我国太湖与滇池等淡水湖泊频繁爆发,已成为严重的环境问题,而氮、磷则是引起水体富营养化的重要营养因子。文章通过藻细胞计数、细菌群落的DGGE监测,以及典型对应CCA分析,系统研究了不同的氮磷浓度、N/P比对藻-菌群落结构的影响及其相互关系。结果表明,氮磷浓度和N/P比均会影响藻类生长,其中,氮磷浓度较N/P比对藻类生物量的影响更大;N/P=12为藻类生长的最适条件,氮限制(N/P=3)和磷限制(N/P=48)均会抑制藻类生长;添加外源氮磷可促进细菌的生长,提高其多样性,但随着N/P比的提高,其种群多样性呈逐渐下降趋势;细菌群落主要由β-proteobacteria类细菌组成,其次是α-proteobacteria,然后是Bacteroidetes和γ-proteobacteria。与氮、磷营养盐相比,藻类群落对细菌群落的影响更大。 相似文献
158.
159.
160.
浮游与附生细菌群落在湿地氮污染物去除及其水质净化方面具有重要作用,然而与湿地土壤细菌群落相比,它们的群落动态还远未被了解.以榆古桥人工湿地水体浮游细菌群落和常见沉水植物苦草(Vallisneria natans)叶表附生细菌群落为研究对象,通过高通量测序的方法对浮游和附生细菌群落的组成、结构与功能多样性进行了比较分析.结果表明,浮游与附生细菌群落的组成具有显著差异,相比浮游细菌群落,附生细菌群落中存在更多的异养细菌和反硝化细菌.浮游细菌群落的α多样性在3个采样点间存在显著差异,而附生细菌群落的α多样性没有显著差异;整体来看,附生细菌群落的OTU指数与Shannon指数显著高于浮游细菌群落且二者存在明显的空间异质性.RDA分析表明DO、 IC、 TP、 NH+4和TOC对浮游和附生细菌群落的结构变化均具有重要影响,但对浮游细菌群落的影响更大.共现性网络分析表明附生细菌群落有更多的生态位分化,网络更加稳定,对外界干扰的抵抗力也更强.FAPROTAX功能预测结果分析表明,附生细菌群落的氮循环特别是反硝化作用显著大于浮游细菌群落.研究结果揭示了浮游和... 相似文献