硝酸镧对铜绿微囊藻生长特性的影响

在实验室内利用BG₁₁培养液培养,研究了不同硝酸镧[La(NO₃)₃]浓度下铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)FACHB526的生长特性,并在实验后期测定了藻细胞中的藻毒素含量.以藻细胞数和叶绿素a含量所表示的最大比生长率和最大现存量为指标,在一定浓度范围内,La(NO₃)₃可明显刺激铜绿微囊藻FACHB526的生长.但当培养液中La(NO₃)₃浓度很高时(125000g/L),却对铜绿微囊藻FACHB526的生长表现出明显的抑制作用.稀土盐类La(NO₃)₃对藻生长的低浓度刺激和高浓度抑制效应对全面了解水华爆发机制有一定的意义.从FACHB526藻中可分离检测出4种藻毒素变型MC-LR,MC-RR,MC-LW,MC-LF.     

试用可持续发展眼光审视中国持续高涨的水坝建设

水坝建设往往忽略了生态影响,轻视了社会问题,高估了经济效益.介绍了国际上对水坝问题认识的最新进展和主要观点,分析了我国水坝建设的现状和问题--西部建坝热潮不退的原因.从现状来看,中国的已建水坝已使长江流域生态退化,加剧了黄河的断流,加重了淮河水质的恶化等.最后以科学发展观为指导,对中国的水坝建设作了一些深层的思考.      

广东省环境库兹涅茨特征分析

介绍了环境库兹涅茨假说经验结论,对其所涉及的环境质量随着经济增长出现"先恶化,后改善"的现象进行了分析,指出环境质量的变化不会自动产生,必须在环境政策的干预下才能实现.结合广东省废水、废气以及COD_Cr和SO₂等污染物排放量及经济增长数据,构建了广东省环境库兹涅茨曲线,实证分析了广东省经济增长与环境质量之间的关系;经过"十五"以来的环境综合整治,广东省废水和废气排放总量正在并将逐渐继续下降,部分环境指标正在接近转折点.      

芦苇和香蒲种间竞争对混合种植人工湿地污染河水净化特性的影响

为了系统评估混合种植人工湿地中植物组成的变化规律,以及物种竞争对湿地植物-微生物相互作用和湿地净化功能的影响特性,基于芦苇、香蒲混合种植的表面流人工湿地中试实验,开展了连续5年的研究.结果表明,在混合种植人工湿地中,芦苇从进水端开始侵蚀香蒲生态位,芦苇的生长密度和生物量在5年后分别达到了香蒲的11.5和6.1倍,但香蒲...     

Bioaccumulation of cobalt,digestive enzyme activities,and growth of freshwater catfish,Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), fed cobalt-supplemented diets

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of excess dietary cobalt (Co) on its bioaccumulation, on digestive enzyme activities, and on the growth of freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Four isonitrogenous diets (average crude protein: 32.7%) were formulated to prepare a control diet (T1) with no Co, and three Co-supplemented diets with 0.05 (T2), 0.1 (T3), and 1.0 (T4)% Co. The results showed that H. fossilis fed with T3 diet showed maximum apparent protein digestibility, feed conversion, protein utilization, and growth. Protease and lipase activities were also maximum in T3 diet. Accumulation of Co in different soft and hard tissues of the fish did not show any correlation with the level of Co in the diet. The concentration of Co in the water increased with its dietary level, being at an alarming level at 1.0% dietary Co. It is concluded that an additional supply of dietary Co up to a level of 0.1% is a viable option to augment growth of the catfish H. fossilis, but at higher levels of Co it may be detrimental to the fish and the aquatic ecosystem.     

Analysis of the Impacts of Nongovernmental Economy on Nonagricultural Employment Growth in China

The importance of solving the employment problems by nongovernmental economy in China has aroused the concern of many scholars widely. However, few literatures could be found to deal with the impacts on nonagricultural employment growth in China by nongovernmental economy from several levels such as the whole nation, urban and rural. Based on the research accessed on the relationships between nongovernmental economy and employment, the impacts of the development of nongovernmental economy on non-agricultural employment growth in China are emphasized in this paper. Taking time series data of non-agricultural employment in China＇s different economy types in 1992-2005 as study objects, by establishing econometric regression models, some meaningful points are found as follows, the impacts of nongovernmental economy on the nonagricultural employment in either national or urban-rural level are rather significant although their impacts＇ degrees are different. Based on the research findings above, some countermeasures are proposed to accelerate the nongovernmental economic development and improve its ability to absorb nonagricultural employment.     

Late-onset growth restriction in Galloway–Mowat syndrome: a case report

Galloway–Mowat syndrome (GMS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder and is characterized by marked intrauterine growth retardation, central nervous system anomalies, and early onset nephrotic syndrome. Of the reported cases in the literature, all were diagnosed postnatally. We describe a case of GMS in which only late-onset intrauterine growth restriction was detected by prenatal ultrasound. In her fourth pregnancy, the mother had delivered a male baby with clinical features of GMS who died at seven months of age due to early onset of nephrotic syndrome. In her fifth pregnancy, serial ultrasound examinations were normal during the first and second trimester of pregnancy. Growth restriction and microcephaly were not detectable until 28 to 32 weeks' gestation. At 40 weeks' gestation, a female baby was born with dysmorphic features of GMS. Nephrotic syndrome developed after birth and renal biopsy revealed minimal change nephrotic syndrome. The prenatal course of this case suggests GMS may not be diagnosed in early pregnancy and the only abnormality detected before birth was intrauterine growth restriction. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multispecies and Multiscale Conservation Planning: Setting Quantitative Targets for Red‐Listed Lichens on Ancient Oaks

Abstract: Species occurrence in a habitat patch depends on local habitat and the amount of that habitat in the wider landscape. We used predictions from empirical landscape studies to set quantitative conservation criteria and targets in a multispecies and multiscale conservation planning effort. We used regression analyses to compare species richness and occurrence of five red‐listed lichens on 50 ancient oaks (Quercus robur; 120–140 cm in diameter) with the density of ancient oaks in circles of varying radius from each individual oak. Species richness and the occurrence of three of the five species were best explained by increasing density of oaks within 0.5 km; one species was best explained by the density of oaks within 2 km, and another was best predicted by the density of oaks within 5 km. The minimum numbers of ancient oaks required for “successful conservation” was defined as the number of oaks required to obtain a predicted local occurrence of 50% for all species included or a predicted local occurrence of 80% for all species included. These numbers of oaks were calculated for two relevant landscape scales (1 km² and 13 km²) that corresponded to various species responses, in such a way that calculations also accounted for local number of oaks. Ten and seven of the 50 ancient oaks surveyed were situated in landscapes that already fulfilled criteria for successful conservation when the 50% and 80% criteria, respectively, were used to define the level of successful conservation. For cost‐efficient conservation, oak stands in the landscapes most suitable for successful conservation should be prioritized for conservation and management (e.g., grazing and planting of new oaks) at the expense of oak stands situated elsewhere.