嗜盐菌群在甲苯降解过程中群落结构的变化解析

从胜利油田的高盐油污土壤中富集到1个高效降解BTEX(苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯)的嗜盐菌群,分析了菌群在甲苯降解过程中的群落结构变化.结果表明,该菌群在5%盐度下可完全降解200mg/L甲苯.PCR-DGGE图谱显示,随着甲苯的加入,该菌群的优势种属由Bacillus sp.和Bacillus aquimaris转变为Thalassospira xiamenensis、Pseudomonas stutzeri、Virgibacillus sp.和Bacillus sp..这4种微生物在整个降解过程中稳定存在,且在降解完成后24h内没有衰亡的迹象.另外,该菌群可以降解菲,显示了降解多种芳香族化合物的能力.     

混合菌群FF降解染料效果及生物毒性变化

利用混合菌群FF降解偶氮染料活性黑5和蒽醌染料活性蓝19,通过检测一些常规指标,如脱色率、DOC(溶解性有机碳)去除率、UV254、比紫外吸收值SUVA(UV254/DOC)等来表征降解效果,进一步通过固相萃取方法进行前处理,采用SOS/umu(又称umu试验)和双杂交酵母法分别检测染料降解过程中遗传毒性和抗雌激素活性。结果表明,采用混合菌群FF,活性黑5和活性蓝19(150 mg/L)在35℃和p H=8.0条件下静置培养48 h后脱色率分别为82.5%和89.2%;DOC去除率低,分别为19.5%和13.0%;降解后UV254和SUVA均增加。遗传毒性检测表明,活性黑5本身无遗传毒性,降解过程中也无遗传毒性;活性蓝19本身无遗传毒性,降解24 h、48 h后在高浓缩倍数下出现遗传毒性。随着降解的进行,活性黑5和活性蓝19的抗雌激素活性均显著增加。     

应用好氧生物菌剂深度处理消化污泥

为评估应用好氧生物菌剂-地衣芽孢杆菌深度处理消化污泥的可行性,比较了不同接种比（分别为2.7×10^-3,2.7×10^-2和2.7×10^-1,以总固体之比计）条件下,菌解处理过程中消化污泥液相的溶解性有机碳DOC,溶解性总氮DN,氨氮,荧光性有机物浓度和消化污泥絮体中的蛋白质,氨氮浓度,以及以模化CST值表征的脱水性能的变化,同时分析了机械破碎法和菌解法对消化污泥再次厌氧消化产气性能的影响.结果表明,需要达到较高的接种比,投加地衣芽孢杆菌才能显著促进消化污泥胞内物质溶出,大幅提高消化污泥的生物可降解性.接种比为2.7×10^-1时,菌解过程中消化污泥的液相DOC,DN,氨氮和消化污泥絮体中的氨氮含量达到最大值,分别是对照组的6.23,2.83,5.93和4.94倍;并且,消化污泥絮体的蛋白质平均降解速率最高;同时,消化污泥的产甲烷潜力优于其它接种比,是机械破碎处理后消化污泥产甲烷潜力的5.96倍.但是,在菌解处理结束后,消化污泥的模化CST值是对照组的2.69倍,说明经菌解后消化污泥的脱水性能有所劣化.     

Soil fungistasis and its relations to soil microbial composition and diversity: a case study of a series of soils with different fungistasis

Fungistasis is one of the important approaches to control soil-borne plant pathogens.Some hypotheses about the mechanisms for soil fungistasis had been established,which mainly focused on the soil bacterial community composition,structure,diversity as well as function.In this study,the bacterial community composition and diversity of a series of soils treated by autoclaving,which coming from the same original soil sample and showing gradient fungistasis to the target soil-borne pathogen fungi Fusarium gr...     

Soil enzymatic activities and microbial community structure with di erent application rates of Cd and Pb

This study focused on the changes of soil microbial diversity and potential inhibitory effects of heavy metals on soil enzymatic activities at different application rates of Cd andor Pb. The soil used for experiments was collected from Beijing and classified as endoaquepts. Pots containing 500 g of the soil with different Cd andor Pb application rates were incubated for a period of 0, 2, 9, 12 weeks in a glasshouse and the soil samples were analyzed for individual enzymes, including catalase, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase, and the changes of microbial community structure. Results showed that heavy metals slightly inhibited the enzymatic activities in all the samples spiked with heavy metals. The extent of inhibition increased significantly with increasing level of heavy metals, and varied with the incubation periods. The soil bacterial community structure, as determined by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis techniques, was different in the contaminated samples as compared to the control. The highest community change was observed in the samples amended with high level of Cd. Positive correlations were observed among the three enzymatic activities, but negative correlations were found between the amounts of the heavy metals and the enzymatic activities.     

Modification on the conventional procedure to measure AOC in drinking water

Additional phosphorus will be introduced to water sample if the conventional procedure is used to measure assimilable organic carbon(AOC) in drinking water. It has been shown that there are the cases that phosphorus is the limiting nutrient for microbial growth in drinking water. The measured value of AOC would not be able to indicate appropriately the regrowth potential of bacteria in this case. The conventional procedure used to measure AOC was modified to avoid the introduction of additional phosphorus to water sample in this study. It was shown that it was feasible to measure AOC in water using the modified procedure. Furthermore, the measured value of AOC determined by the modified procedure could indicate appropriately the regrowth potential of bacteria in drinking water despite either organics or phosphorus was the limiting nutrient for bacterial regrowth.     

双酚A对稻田土壤细菌群落特征及土壤酶活的影响

采用FQ-PCR(实时荧光定量PCR)、PCR-DGGE(PCR扩增和变性梯度凝胶电泳)技术和土壤酶学研究法对不同浓度双酚A污染的稻田土壤细菌群落特征及土壤酶活性进行了研究.结果表明:经双酚A高浓度处理〔即w(双酚A)分别为200和1 000 mg/kg〕的稻田土壤细菌数量显著低于未受污染的对照(CK)和低浓度处理〔w(双酚A)为50 mg/kg〕,并且高浓度处理分别较CK处理(3.64×109 g-1)下降90.44%和99.83%.细菌16S rDNA V3可变区DGGE图谱表明,受双酚A污染的土壤明显产生了数条特征性条带.UPGMA(非加权组平均法)聚类分析进一步表明,双酚A污染明显改变了稻田土壤的细菌群落组成.2次采样土壤总体酶活性参数均为CK>w(双酚A)为50 mg/kg处理>w(双酚A)为200 mg/kg处理>w(双酚A)为1 000 mg/kg处理.可见,高浓度的双酚A污染明显影响稻田土壤细菌数量以及细菌优势菌群,使农田土壤细菌群落多样性发生变化.      

我国抗生素菌渣资源化研究新进展

抗生素菌渣是一种宝贵资源,在我国也属于危险废物。由于缺乏成熟高效的处理与资源化技术,以及科学完善的安全性评估方法,抗生素菌渣的处理问题严重地制约了制药企业的健康发展。结合最新相关文献和研究成果,从抗生素菌渣处理与资源化技术、安全性评估两方面综述了目前抗生素菌渣资源化取得的最新进展,总结了抗生素处理与资源化技术的最新发展,并对不同资源化技术的可行性进行了分析,提出了以抗生素及其代谢产物残留评估和抗性基因评估为基础的安全性评估方法,并总结了评估指标实现的技术困难。     

城市河流沉积物微生物量分布和群落结构特征

沉积物微生物是河流生态系统物质循环及水体净化的驱动力.为了探讨城市河流不同河段沉积物微生物量分布和群落结构特征及其影响因素,采用PLFAs分析方法和高通量测序技术获得沉积物微生物量和群落结构指标,并利用冗余分析(RDA)和相关性分析等方法探究影响河流沉积物微生物量和群落结构的主要环境因素.结果表明:除上游样点C7外,沉积物细菌优势菌门均为变形菌门,次优势菌门为绿弯菌门,优势菌纲为β-变形菌纲,次优势菌纲为γ-变形菌纲;同一河段内沉积物微生物组成和细菌群落结构相似,而不同河段间沉积物微生物组成和细菌群落结构差异明显;下游沉积物细菌多样性和丰富度(香农指数均值10.20,Chao1指数均值3011.5)显著高于中游(香农指数均值9.50,Chao1指数均值2808.2)和上游(香农指数均值9.38,Chao1指数均值2681.2);沉积物微生物PLFAs总量和各菌群PLFAs含量均表现为中游沉积物中含量较高(PLFAs总量均值412.1 nmol·g~(-1)),而下游(PLFAs总量均值218.6 nmol·g~(-1))和上游(PLFAs总量均值215.1 nmol·g~(-1))沉积物中含量相对较低.分析和讨论结果表明,速效钾、pH、C/P、TC、C/N和铵态氮是影响不同河段沉积物细菌群落结构特征的主要环境因子,TC、TN、C/P和pH是影响沉积物细菌多样性的主要环境因子,而速效钾、C/P、TN、TC和pH是影响不同河段沉积物微生物量分布的主要环境因子.十五里河不同河段的沉积物微生物通过微生物量和群落结构特征反映不同河段环境状况,并发挥着水体净化和河流生态系统健康维持的功能.     

110℃热释光陷阱光转移现象的数值模拟

在光释光（optically stimulated luminescence,OSL）测年流程中,通常采用预热（180—260℃）来去除低温区不稳定的信号。尽管预热过程中浅陷阱（如110℃陷阱）电子被清空,但在之后的光照过程中由较深陷阱进入导带的电子会再次进入浅陷阱并发生积累,这种现象称为光转移（photo-transfer）。本文以110℃热释光（thermoluminescence,TL）信号的实验数据为基础,模拟了光转移现象,研究了不同实验条件（激发温度、光子通量）和不同动力学参数（110℃ TL陷阱的空间容量、入陷概率、光电离截面）对光转移过程的影响,结果显示：激发温度越高、光子通量越大、110℃ TL陷阱的光电离横截面越大,光转移信号越弱;110℃ TL陷阱的空间容量和入陷概率越大,光转移信号越强。模拟结果揭示了影响光转移程度的因素,加深了对光激发过程中OSL信号产生的物理机制的认识。