Participatory Development of No-tillage Systems without Herbicides for Family Farming: The Experience of the Center-South Region of Paraná

It is currently estimated that 40 million hectares worldwide are cultivated through no-tillage systems (Derpsh, 1998). Small family farms account for less than 50,000ha, half of them located in South America's Southern Cone (Wall, 1998). Many hypotheses have been offered to explain why so few small farmers have adapted to this method. The most simplistic ones relate this limited adoption to small farmers' traditionalism and to their rejection of innovation. Others point to the low technological development of animal-drawn equipment needed for this technology or the low educational level of family farmers.Results of work done in the Center-South of Paraná, Southern Brazil, by AS-PTA¹ in partnership with the region's Forum of Family Farmers Organizations, challenge these hypotheses and draw attention to the need for new approaches and processes of research and extension if the goal is to disseminate and implement appropriate no-tillage systems among family farmers. One requisite is to lower production costs of this method through elimination of herbicides and using green manure and cover crops that shift the crop-weed balance in favor of crops.     

灾害中的家庭——家庭与灾害相互关系的社会学考察

灾害对家庭的冲击表现在许多方面，它既对家庭的生存条件构成威胁，又会冲击和影响到家庭的组织结构，关系状态和基本功能。     

Metamodelling-based Product Family Design of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Development of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) is stimulated by the need to replace non-renewable energies with sustainable and more environment-friendly new energy types. PHEVs benefit from a combination of an internal combustion engine and an electric motor with a rechargeable and larger battery pack than conventional hybrid vehicles. In order to maximise customer satisfaction and motivate replacement of the conventional vehicles with this new technology, the design of PHEVs requires sufficient differentiation in the product specifications for diverse market segments. The added set-up time, processes, costs and longer lead time for designing and manufacturing a diverse range of such vehicles is a hurdle towards increasing their diversity. This study proposes an efficient product family design (PFD) method for mass customisation of the PHEV powertrains. The methodology is less dependent on expensive simulations due to use of metamodelling and non-conventional sensitivity analysis. The PFD concept and its implications to a family of five PHEVs are investigated, and benefits as well as limitations of a sustainable development for this complex product are discussed.     

比色法快速测定室内空气甲醛含量

室内空气甲醛的现场快速监测技术已成为环境监测的热点研究领域,旨在为普通家庭提供室内空气甲醛现场监测方法。优化了甲醛吸收液用量、自然吸收时间及吸收液与空气接触面积对监测方法的影响,制作了用于目测室内空气中甲醛含量的标准比色卡,方法简便、快速、经济、实用,可望在普通家庭中得到广泛应用。     

以平衡记分卡为中心构建安全绩效管理系统

平衡记分卡作为一种绩效管理工具,已经得到了国外众多企业的认可,在实践中逐渐走向成熟和完善,并取得了较好的效果.目前,我国企业的安全管理已经进入一个新的阶段,正在建立"以人为本"的安全管理新理念.而安全绩效管理是"以人为本"安全管理的重要表现,是安全管理的重要一环.大部分企业的安全绩效管理还没有形成一个系统,极大地限制了安全绩效在企业安全管理中的作用.平衡记分卡应用的范围与我们的安全绩效管理恰恰有着多处的契合点.阐述了如何以平衡记分卡为中心来构建安全绩效管理系统,而且针对平衡记分卡在构建企业安全绩效管理系统时可能遇到的问题,提出了一些应对之策.     

香蕉MaPFK基因家族鉴定、MaPFK3克隆和表达

为研究香蕉中MaPFK基因的功能和生物学特性,采用生物信息学分析法对香蕉A基因组的MaPFK基因家族成员进行鉴定、蛋白特性分析、分子进化树分析、FPKM值分析,同时以'天宝蕉'为材料,通过RT-PCR技术克隆MaPFK3基因,进行生物信息学分析;采用qRT-PCR技术进行低温胁迫下的表达分析.结果表明,MaPFK家族包...     

龙眼miR167家族分子特性及其潜在靶标在体胚发生早期的表达模式

为了解miR167家族成员的分子特性及其可能互作的靶标在龙眼体胚发生早期的调控机制,采用生物信息学分析方法进行龙眼miR167基因家族序列分析、二级结构预测、分子进化树分析、靶基因预测及其靶标特异表达的FPKM值分析,并采用实时荧光定量PCR技术(quantitave real-time PCR,qPCR)检测miR1...     

退耕还林工程经济补偿机制研究——以雅安市雨城区为例

本文通过对4个乡镇8个村,120户农户的调查,取得第一手资料,分析退耕还林对退耕农户利益的影响,针对西部退耕还林经济补偿机制运行中存在的问题进行了初步探讨,并提出了建立和完善西部退耕还林经济补偿机制的建议,从而对进一步调动农户参与生态建设的积极性,巩固还林成果,持续开展退耕还林工程具有重要意义。     

Shale gas development and community response: perspectives from Treaty 8 territory,British Columbia

Northeast British Columbia (BC), Canada, is the site of a fast-growing shale gas industry that is a cornerstone of the current provincial government's economic policy. In this paper, we explore the perspectives of local First Nations (members of Treaty 8) regarding governance of this industry, focusing in particular on the experiences of the Fort Nelson First Nation (FNFN). Based on findings from 15 in-depth interviews with staff from four Treaty 8 First Nations, the Treaty 8 Tribal Association, oil and gas companies, and the Government of BC, we argue that current governance processes fail to adequately protect the environment and treaty rights. We also explore the diverse tactics that the FNFN is using to gain influence over shale gas development within its territories as the Nation seeks to achieve “balanced development” that protects the local ecology and treaty rights while maximising local economic benefits. Through an array of tactics and collaboration with diverse actors, the FNFN has been partially successful in challenging industry's social license to operate and has brought the provincial government back to the table to negotiate new decision-making arrangements on a “government to government” basis. Still, the regulation and management of a fast-paced global industry are a vast burden for a small community to bear. The FNFN's work has also shown the need for further research on how local efforts for equitable and environmentally sustainable approaches to shale gas regulation can be scaled up, institutionalised, and used to create political opportunities in other contexts.