Metal contamination of active stream sediments in upper Weardale,northern Pennine Orefield,UK

In the Upper Weardale area the headwaters of the River Wear bisect the Northern Pennine Orefield, where Pb-Zn-F-Ba vein-type mineralisation has been exploited since the Roman Conquest. The area contains evidence of open pit, underground and hydraulic mining of base metal ores, associated mineral processing and smelting, exploitation of ironstones during the industrial revolution, recent extraction of fluorite and active quarrying. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of modern sediment contamination arising from these past activities. Samples of active stream sediments were collected from all major drainage channels at 1 km intervals. The sediments were analysed for Pb, Zn, Ba, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Cr, As, Sb, Ag and compared to data from earlier regional geochemical surveys of low order drainage samples using ArcView software. The significance of contamination levels was assessed using the Ontario aquatic sediment quality guidelines. Our results indicate widespread contamination of some major drainages by Pb, Mn, Zn and As at concentration levels anticipated to significantly affect use of the sediments by benthic organisms. Furthermore, Pb contamination shows persistence in stream sediments downstream towards agricultural areas of the floodplain and drinking water abstraction points, above which interaction with colliery mine water discharges may occur.     

钛酸钡压电臭氧化降解水中的硝基苯

将臭氧（O₃）体系与压电（PE）体系相结合提出了压电臭氧化（PE-O₃）体系,探究了该体系对难降解有机污染物硝基苯（NB）的降解效果,考察了转速、O₃浓度、钛酸钡（BT）投加量和初始pH值对NB去除的影响.此外,探讨了PE-O₃体系降解NB过程中存在的活性物质,并分析了反应机理.结果表明：PE-O₃体系对NB的降解体现出明显的协同效应（协同系数高达5.04）,在15min内对NB的去除率高达85.37%,反应符合一级反应动力学规律,k为0.1256min^-1.此外,PE-O₃体系在120min内对NB实现了74.06%的矿化.随着磁力转子转速的增加,体系反应速率提升,当转速提高到1500r/min时,反应速率常数可达到0.1446min^-1.反应速率随体系中BT浓度和O₃浓度的增加而增加,但一定程度后,增长趋势变缓.NB降解速率随pH值的增加而增大,当pH值为9.0时,在15min后体系中的NB降解率达85.69%.反应过程中产生的是降解NB的主要活性物质.     

钡渣用于三相流化床烟气脱硫

提出了在三相流化床内用钡渣进行烟气脱硫的方法。分析了钡渣湿法脱硫原理，并进行了工艺改进实验，对两种不同溶渣方式工艺进行了静态和动态模拟实验，考察了两种方式的离子浓度和吸收容量等因素。实验表明，将渣先和水混合再用脱硫废水调整水质、脱硫塔进水pH在7．5左右时有利于系统的稳定运行。当液气比为2．88、气速为9．5m／s时，脱硫效率可以达到85％以上。这种方法可大大降低脱硫成本，实现以废治废。     

用钡渣处理含铬(Ⅵ)废水

探索了用钡渣处理含铬(Ⅵ)废水的最佳实验条件，在废水pH小于6、钡渣与铬(Ⅵ)质量比为60～80、钡渣粒度为180～200目、反应时间为90min的条件下，废水中铬(Ⅵ)的去除率较高，钡渣对含铬(Ⅵ)废水的去除行为符合Langmuir等温方程。钡渣处理含铬(Ⅵ)废水的工业化应用试验表明，其工艺简单，操作方便，成本低。     

Preparation methods and thermal stability of Ba-Mn-Ce oxide catalyst for NOx-assisted soot oxidation

Manganese oxide-loaded and -doped ceria as well as the corresponding barium-modified oxide catalysts were prepared for soot oxidation in the presence of NOx, and were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and NO temperatureprogrammed oxidation measurements. The activity of catalyst depended strongly on the NO2 production capacity, and the importance of surface nitrates was weakened without heat transfer limitations. The formation of perovskite-type oxides after the high-temperature calcination caused the loss of NOx storage capacity for the Ba-modified catalysts, but did not seem to affect the NO oxidation activity obviously. The addition of barium did not prevent the phase separation of MnOx-CeO2 solid solutions, whereas it inhibited the sintering of oxide crystallites effectively. This, as well as the relatively high surface area, resulted in a small increase in soot oxidation temperature for the thermally aged Ba/Mn-Ce catalyst.     

两种不同阻垢剂对硫酸钡垢的协同作用初探

N和R都是工业上常用的阻垢剂。N是一种磷酸钠盐,具有抑制晶核生长的效果,R是一种磷酸酯盐,具有分散效果。通过使用油田上典型的易结垢盐水配方,采用静态瓶试验和动态模拟试验相结合的方法讨论了N和R以及其不同比例混合物的阻垢效果,考察了硫酸钡垢的成垢机理和阻垢剂的阻垢机理。结果表明,在70℃,250PSI条件下,混合物N∶R为3∶1时的阻垢剂效果最好,具备协同作用。     

铬酸钡分光光度法检测硫酸盐的检出限分析

检出限的大小主要取决于仪器的灵敏度、稳定操作和操作技能等因素。通过精密度偏性试验、由空白值批内标准偏差估算检出限,得出检出限综合估计值。     

利用高钡铜矿尾矿熔制饰面玻璃

本文介绍了熔制富含ＢａＳＯ４的铜矿迁居放饰面玻璃的工艺试验过程,对试验中出现的工艺问题进行探讨,并对铜尾矿饰面玻璃进行了初步的经济效益分析。     

遂宁城乡集中式饮用水水源地钡分布特征及健康风险评价

为考察遂宁市辖区内集中式饮用水水源地污染物钡的分布特征和健康风险水平,通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法对研究区域内市级、县级和乡镇级所有在用的56个集中式饮用水水源地钡的浓度进行分析检测,借助空间分析与统计分析的结果,探讨了其空间分布和浓度差异,并利用环境健康风险评价模型,对不同类型水源地钡的健康风险进行了评价。结果表明,38个地表水水源地钡的浓度范围为0.065~0.180 mg/L,均值为0.110 mg/L;18个地下水水源地钡的浓度范围为0.027~0.370 mg/L,均值为0.130 mg/L。地表水与地下水水源地间钡的浓度差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),钡的空间分布也存在不同程度的差异性。各水源地中的钡经饮用和皮肤暴露两种途径对成人和儿童所引起的非致癌风险值为1.34×10~(-8)~1.62×10~(-8),远低于推荐的最大可接受风险水平(1.0×10~(-6)),各水源地因污染物钡导致的非致癌风险极低。     

Role of barium nitrate on the sulfur fixation of calcium oxide

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