Identifying management opportunities to combat climate,land, and marine threats across less climate exposed coral reefs

Conserving coral reefs is critical for maintaining marine biodiversity, protecting coastlines, and supporting livelihoods in many coastal communities. Climate change threatens coral reefs globally, but researchers have identified a portfolio of coral reefs (bioclimatic units [BCUs]) that are relatively less exposed to climate impacts and strongly connected to other coral reef systems. These reefs provide a proactive opportunity to secure a long-term future for coral reefs under climate change. To help guide local management efforts, we quantified marine cumulative human impact (CHI) from climate, marine, and land pressures (2013 and from 2008 to 2013) in BCUs and across countries tasked with BCU management. Additionally, we created a management index based on common management measures and policies for each pressure source (climate, marine, and land) to identify a country's intent and commitment to effectively manage these pressures. Twenty-two countries (79%) had increases in CHI from 2008 to 2013. Climate change pressures had the highest proportional contribution to CHI across all reefs and in all but one country (Singapore), but 18 BCUs (35%) and nine countries containing BCUs (32%) had relatively high land and marine impacts. There was a significant positive relationship between climate impact and the climate management index across countries (R² = 0.43, p = 0.02), potentially signifying that countries with greater climate impacts are more committed to managing them. However, this trend was driven by climate management intent in Fiji and Bangladesh. Our results can be used to guide future fine-scale analyses, national policies, and local management decisions, and our management indices reveal areas where management components can be improved. Cost-effectively managing local pressures (e.g., fishing and nutrients) in BCUs is essential for building a climate-ready future that benefits coral reefs and people.     

嗜热硫酸盐还原菌的分离及生长影响因素研究

从油田污水中分离得到一株嗜热硫酸盐还原菌,并研究了该菌株的形态生理特性,探讨了碳源、还原剂、pH和温度对该菌株的生长和硫酸盐还原能力影响。结果表明:该菌株为革兰氏阳性杆菌,最适合碳源为柠檬酸钠,在加入了硫代硫酸钠作为还原剂的培养基中生长较好,最适合生长pH为中性,最适生长温度为60℃。在最适条件下培养,2d后培养基变黑,菌株的生长在3d后达到最大值,硫化氢的生成在4d后达到最大值。     

Genetic Structure of Herpetofauna on Halmahera Island,Indonesia: Implications for Aketajawe‐Lolobata National Park

Abstract: Genetic variation within species—a priority for biodiversity conservation—is influenced by natural selection, demography, and stochastic events such as genetic drift. We evaluated the role of these factors in 14 codistributed species of reptiles and amphibians on the Indonesian island of Halmahera by testing whether their molecular variation was correlated with geographic distance, ecology, riverine barriers, or Halmahera's paleoisland precursors. We found support for isolation by distance effects in four species. Two of these four were also significantly affected either by rivers or by ecology. A fifth species was significantly affected by ecology and a sixth was significantly affected by Halmahera's paleoislands. [Correction added after publication 9 December 2009: the previous sentence was edited for clarity.] These findings—the most comprehensive survey of multispecies genetic variation on Halmahera to date—bode well for the efficacy of the recently established Aketajawe‐Lolobata National Park in conserving a substantial component of vertebrate genetic variation on this island. Future success of conservation efforts will depend crucially, of course, on funding for and enforcement of conservation management of this park.     

使用聚胺脂的锁片成形模设计

介绍了一种使用聚胺脂结构的锁片成形模.对该模具的结构作了详细分析.并介绍了其成形过程及特点.     

彝良5．7级地震前钻孔应变观测到的前兆异常

使用滇黔地区钻孔应变观测台站的资料,对2012年9月7日彝良Ms5．7地震前异常现象进行分析,结果表明,震前昭通、贵阳台钻孔应变出现长趋势等异常,其他台站在震前几小时到5天出现曲线异常波动、固体潮变形等异常现象。     

河南省人员密集场所建设工程抗震设防标准研究

汶川地震后,学校、医院等人员密集场所要按照高于本地区的抗震设防烈度进行抗震设防,常用的50年超越概率10％的抗震设防标准不能满足需求。本文基于《中国地震动参数区划图》,在河南省范围内,选择了已开展过工程场地地震安全性评价工作的50个场点,设计了两套概率水准,对每个场点进行地震危险性,借用每个场点50年超越概率100k的场地放大系数,计算各超越概率水准下的地面峰值加速度。通过对结果进行分析统计,综合确定河南省人员密集场所的抗震设防标准。     

1株1,2-二氯乙烷降解菌的分离及降解特性研究

从浙江某化工厂污水处理池的活性污泥中筛选分离到1株能以1,2-二氯乙烷(1,2-dichloroethane,1,2-DCA)为唯一碳源和能源生长的菌株T-2,根据菌株的形态特征、生理生化特性及16S rRNA基因序列分析,该菌株被鉴定为Starkeya sp.研究表明,Starkeya sp.T-2生长和降解1,2-DCA较适宜的温度为30℃,较适宜的pH为7.0～8.0;菌株降解1,2-DCA的过程遵循Haldane动力学模型,其最大比生长速率μmax为0.065 h-1,最大比降解速率vmax为0.54 h-1;菌株降解1,2-DCA的耐受浓度为500 mg.L-1,细胞产率系数(以1,2-DCA计)为0.191 mg.mg-1,菌株T-2利用1,2-DCA生长的过程中能同时把1,2-DCA最终矿化为CO2和H2O,矿化率为45%.     

复合隔振器隔振装置的性能研究

目的为提升隔振装置的隔振性能,研发具有优良隔振性能的隔振装置。方法在20~1600 Hz频段内,利用有限元分析软件对某新型复合隔振器隔振装置进行谐响应分析,并进行整体隔振试验,得出隔振装置在外激励下频域上的振动响应。结果对比分析有限元仿真结果与隔振试验数据,在20~80 Hz内,振级落差大于15 dB,在200~1600 Hz上,振级落差也在24 dB以上,在200~1000 Hz上加速度振级落差仿真和实验的RMS值分别为36.6 dB和38.9 dB,结论该复合式隔振器隔振装置具有优良的隔振性能。     

1株乙羧氟草醚降解菌的分离鉴定与降解特性研究

本研究从某农药厂污水处理池的活性污泥中分离得到1株能以乙羧氟草醚为唯一碳源生长的菌株。经生理生化鉴定和16SrRNA基因序列同源性分析,将此菌株初步鉴定为腐生葡萄球茵（Staphylococcussaprophyticus）,并命名为YSC．1。对菌株YSC．1的生长特性研究表明：茵株的最佳生长温度和pH分别为30℃、7．0;NaCI浓度对菌株YSC-1生长有较大的影响。菌株在20℃-40℃之间均能降解乙羧氟草醚,在30％1、pH7．0的条件下对乙羧氟草醚的降解率最高;增加乙羧氟草醚的浓度会对菌株产生毒害作用,降低其降解率;提高接种量可以加快乙羧氟草醚的降解。在乙羧氟草醚终浓度为100mg／L的工业废水经7d处理后,乙羧氟草醚的去除率达91．62％,说明菌株YSC-1在废水处理中具有很好的应用前景。     

采用人工地震波对大跨度刚构桥的地震响应分析

为获得大跨度刚构桥在多维多点地震激励下的响应特征,基于功率谱模型合成了满足给定相关函数的多维多点人工地震波。采用有限元软件SAP2000分别在线性与非线性领域对某大跨度刚构桥进行计算分析,研究刚构桥在多维多点地震下的响应特点。结果表明,多点激励下刚构桥主梁的横向弯矩往往较一致激励下的大;考虑非线性特性后,刚构桥在三向地震作用下的响应并不等于单向地震响应的简单叠加,且刚构桥的墩顶比墩底部位更易形成塑性铰,建议在实际工程中重视刚构桥墩顶部位的延性设计。