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61.
Most of the mesoscale models use roughness parameters to characterise the ground and to compute the surface stress. As the experimental determinations of the urban roughness parameters are rare and not very reliable, a new methodology based on microscale numerical simulations is presented here and the first results from two-dimensional simulations with different roof shapes are analysed.Firstly, it appears that the roof shape has a large influence : large difference in the Reynolds stress profile and in the roughness sub-layer thickness, enhancement of the exchanges at the roof level by buildings with attic. It also appears that the fetch necessary to obtain a constant flux layer is unrealistic compared to the real spatial homogeneity of quarters in European cities. Consequently, a new parameterisation of the urban ground-induced friction is to be developed without reference to the constant flux layer theory. 相似文献
62.
Majagi SH Vijaykumar K Vasanthkaumar B 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,138(1-3):273-279
In this study, some heavy metals concentrations (Zn, Pb, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni) and other physico-chemical parameters were studied
during October 2001 to September 2003 in Karanja reservoir, Bidar district. Water quality parameters were collected monthly
basis whereas heavy metals were analyzed by Atomic Adsorption Spectrometer (AAS). Heavy metals have shown within the permissible
limits, except Fe and Ni were recorded higher values in southwest monsoon, where as Mn has showed higher concentration in
northeast monsoon in and summer. All other physico-chemical parameters are with in the permissible limit. Water is moderately
hard and reservoir is productive. 相似文献
63.
In Europe, the use of direct methods using lysimeters for measuring water and solute flow in soils increased in recent years.
Large weighable lysimeters are best suitable for obtaining reliable data about seepage water quantity and quality. Field lysimeters
– lysimeters built in directly in agriculturally used areas – of high technical standard allow a precise determination of
the influence of different cropping systems on groundwater quality. They combine the advantages of true field conditions and
laboratory possibilities of varying parameters, handling and maintenance. Due to the specific needs of each application the
instrumentation varies. Based on general remarks on the advantages of precise weighing lysimeters four standardized lysimeter
configurations are presented. Beside the specific needs of design and setup of lysimeter stations, there is need to define
general requirements to enable comparable results based on standardized basic design and to reduce individual mistakes. 相似文献
64.
基于岩体开挖卸荷过程中力学参数变化理论的分析研究,建立卸荷岩体有限元分析模型,运用ADINA有限元分析软件对岩体进行一维卸荷数值仿真研究。根据有限元数值分析计算成果得到岩体力学参数与主卸荷方向累计开挖卸荷量间的变化关系曲线。结果表明:岩体开挖卸荷过程中,岩体力学参数变形模量、泊松比、粘聚力和内摩擦角等呈现出随开挖卸荷量的变化而发生变化的特征,随卸荷量的增大有减小的趋势,但它们不是从初始值一直减小到零,而是随卸荷量的增大减小到一定的量值后,岩体的裂隙张开、结构面的扩展到一定的程度,岩体的力学参数保持一定的量级不再减小。 相似文献
65.
无性系林业的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了无性系林业的基本理论及其发展状况,分析了无性系林业的优缺点,提出了无性系林业的发展方向。 相似文献
66.
2013年春夏季莱州湾海水环境要素特征和富营养化评估 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据2013年5(春季)、8月(夏季)莱州湾海水环境要素的调查资料,采用富营养化指数、潜在性富营养化评价模式和灰色聚类分析方法研究环境要素特征和评估海水富营养化状况。结果表明,无机氮是莱州湾水质的主要污染要素,春夏季的N/P平均值分别为100.76、117.84,潜在性富营养化评价模式结果表明,春夏季各站位的营养级均只包括ⅣP、ⅥP两类,磷限制为莱州湾的营养盐结构特征;富营养化指数评价结果表明,春季和夏季E>1站位比例分别为65%、20%;灰色聚类分析结果表明,春季Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级的站位比例分别为95%、5%,夏季Ⅱ、Ⅲ级的站位比例分别为70%、25%,Ⅱ级中的部分站位具有较大潜在富营养化风险。 相似文献
67.
Tze-Yee Ho Fang-Ta Liu Guan-Wei Ho Yan-Ru Lin 《International Journal of Green Energy》2017,14(12):983-995
Most of the energy conversion in industrial devices and equipment is completed by the motor. The acquirement of motor parameters becomes very important for designing the motor drives. The aim of this paper is to design and implement a motor measurement system. Through the processing of an Advanced RISC Machines (ARM) microcontroller, the various parameters of motors such as input voltage, input current, input power, motor speed, and motor torque can be obtained. Consequently, the torque constant, load torque, viscous friction, and the inertia of the motor are calculated and achieved. The motor parameters can be commanded and displayed in the designed human interface of a PC via USB communication. The hardware system designed in this system includes an ARM microcontroller, an inverter, a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a torque sensor, and power supply. The software programming is developed under the Visual Studio 2012 environment development platform using the C language. Finally, the prototype of the motor measurement system is completed and verified. The experimental results for the motor parameters and torque/speed characteristic are demonstrated and show the feasibility of the complete designed system. 相似文献
68.
69.
鼠李糖脂洗脱氯丹和灭蚁灵污染场地土壤的工艺参数 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
优化了鼠李糖脂洗脱氯丹、灭蚁灵污染土壤的工艺条件,为开展有机氯农药污染场地土壤洗脱修复工程实践提供科学依据和技术参数。实验结果表明,随着洗脱剂———鼠李糖脂浓度的增加,氯丹和灭蚁灵的洗脱量呈现先增加后降低的趋势;洗脱时间和液固比对洗脱效果的影响趋势与浓度相同;在0~120 r/min范围内,氯丹和灭蚁灵洗脱量随着搅拌速度的增加而增大,80、120和200 r/min的洗脱量间差异不显著;单次洗脱量随洗脱次数的增加而降低,累计洗脱量则逐渐增大。综上所述,氯丹、灭蚁灵污染场地土壤鼠李糖脂洗脱的适宜工艺参数为鼠李糖浓度10 mmol/L,搅拌速度80 r/min,固液比1∶10,洗脱时间20 min,洗脱3次。 相似文献
70.