A Model for Predicting Daily Peak Visitation and Implications for Recreation Management and Water Quality: Evidence from Two Rivers in Puerto Rico

Visitor use surveys and water quality data indicates that high visitor use levels of two rivers in Puerto Rico does not appear to adversely affect several water quality parameters. Optimum visitor use to maximize visitor defined satisfaction is a more constraining limit on visitor use than water quality. Our multiple regression analysis suggests that visitor use of about 150 visitors per day yields the highest level of visitor reported satisfaction, a level that does not appear to affect turbidity of the river. This high level of visitor use may be related to the gregarious nature of Puerto Ricans and their tolerance for crowding on this densely populated island. The daily peak visitation model indicates that regulating the number of parking spaces may be the most effective way to keep visitor use within the social carrying capacity.     

基于多层次灰色关联分析模型的陕西各市可持续发展能力比较

通过建立评价指标体系,利用多层次灰色关联分析模型对陕西各市2005年经济发展、生态环境保护、社会进步以及综合可持续发展能力分别进行比较。结果表明：西安、汉中、咸阳分别为经济发展、生态环境保护和社会进步可持续发展能力最高城市,渭南市处最低水平;综合可持续发展能力,西安、宝鸡和汉中排名最前,综合指数分别为0．6643、0．6622和0．6579,渭南市最低,仅为0．4451,其余各市综合指数在0．5115～0．6323之间。最后,结合部分城市现状,对其综合可持续发展能力建设提出建议措施。     

VARIATION IN ADIRONDACK,NEW YORK,LAKEWATER CHEMISTRY AS FUNCTION OF SURFACE AREA1

ABSTRACT: Data from a recent survey conducted by the Adirondack Lake Survey Corporation were used to evaluate the influence of lake surface area on the acid-base status of lakes in Adirondack State Park, New York. Acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) in the small lakes (< 4 ha) occurred more frequently at extreme values (> 200, < 0 μeq L^?1), whereas larger lakes tended to be intermediate in ANC. Consequently, acidic (ANC ≤ 0) and low-pH lakes were typically small. The small lakes also exhibited lower Ca²⁺ concentration and higher dissolved organic carbon than did larger lakes. Lakes ≥ 4 ha were only half as likely to be acidic as were lakes ≥ 1 ha in area. These data illustrate the dependence of lake chemistry on lake surface area and the importance of the lower lake area limit for a statistical survey of lake water chemistry.     

吉林市江北化工区环境容量研究

本文通过对吉林市江北化工区内、外的大气污染物SO2排放调查,以及环境空气中SO2浓度调查,并应用多源模型（ISC3）,结合B值削减分配法计算江北化工区环境空气中SO2的环境容量,计算出该区域的剩余环境容量为16732．04t／a。     

Use of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Marine Conservation

Abstract:  Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) represents multiple bodies of knowledge accumulated through many generations of close interactions between people and the natural world. TEK and its application via customary ecological management plans can be useful in modern conservation programs. I disaggregate the term TEK into its constituent parts and show several ways in which TEK can strengthen research designs by increasing locality-specific knowledge, including environmental linkages occurring in those localities. Examples of the uses of TEK in conservation include folk taxonomy in systematics in Micronesia, species knowledge for conservation in Kiribati, and fishers' knowledge of ecological interactions for reserve design in Belize. When conservationists recognize the utility of TEK, they can engage in an equitable exchange of knowledge and foster shared responsibility with indigenous people. These types of exchanges can also provide an opportunity for indigenous people to develop a scientific infrastructure.     

四川省环境中的汞

本文较系统地报道了四川省地面水环境（河，湖原水，过滤水，沉积物），土壤，大气降水及生物－鱼体中的含量及分布特点，得出四川省环境中的汞与国内外相比属于罗低水平，地面水环境中汞的含量及溶解态汞由川东南向川西北递减，土壤中汞的含量与土壤类型，成土母质，降水条件等相关，鱼类对河水中汞有较强的富集能力，大气降水是四川省环境中汞的来源之一。文章还研究了汞的水环境容量，指出汞是四川省水环境较为脆弱的重要因素之一     

巷道围岩再造承载层机理及数值模拟

在分析大变形巷道基本支护系统基础上,依据应力转移与强抗承载的围岩稳定思想,提出了巷道围岩再造承载层机理,建立了巷道围岩再造承载层稳定性力学模型,分析了巷道围岩再造承载层的稳定因素,最后进行了数值模拟。结果表明:巷道基本支护系统的承载能力与作用范围有限,基本支护系统作用下巷道浅部围岩呈“O”形整体收敛,弹塑性界面离层明显;而巷道两帮再造承载层与基本支护系统形成“Ω”形承载结构体,整体承载能力加强,顶板应力由底板深部转移改变为向两帮外伸移动,两帮围岩移动由巷道内收敛改变为向巷道底角外扩散,巷道围岩稳定性提高;巷道围岩再造承载层位置越高、长度越大,围岩越稳定;无支护巷道两帮垂直应力集中区明显,支护后巷道两帮垂直应力集中区得到弱化,浅部围岩形成“Ω”承载拱形体,两帮与顶板位移变化量较小,底鼓量为无支护巷道的84.65%,应进一步做好底鼓控制,围岩整体收敛变形较小,支护效果明显。     

水资源安全的度量:水资源承载力的研究与挑战

水资源承载力是对水资源安全的一个基本度量,研究水资源承载力对于认识和建设水资源安全保障体系具有重要意义。基于水资源承载力的定义和水资源承载力系统关系,论文给出了水资源承载力的度量与计算方法,包括可利用水资源量、水资源需求量的计算,流域水资源承载力平衡指数、水资源承载力分量的测度等。西北干旱区是我国水资源极为短缺的地区,因此,论文就西北干旱区水资源承载力综合研究的一些关键问题,如变化环境下的流域水循环模拟研究、生态需水研究等进行了重点讨论,并认为水资源承载力的进一步研究应加强水文基础与水资源、社会经济学科的综合研究,促进RS、GIS等信息技术和现有模型方法的结合,并重视区域差异研究。     

二价铁离子对UASB反应器厌氧发酵产氢效能的影响

金属离子Fe2+在生物产氢机制中起着重要作用.以红糖为底物,研究了Fe2+在0～1 650 mg·L-1范围内对UASB发酵产氢效能的影响.结果表明,适当浓度的二价铁离子对产氢具有一定的促进作用.当Fe2+浓度为0～450 mg·L-1时,发酵产气量及其氢气含量都随着Fe2+浓度的增加而增加;且当Fe2+浓度为450 mg·L-1时,获得最大生物气体积为17.72 L,较空白组提高了40.75%,此时氢气含量60.01%.而当外加的Fe2+浓度大于450 mg·L-1时,则开始呈下降趋势.因此,Fe2+可以成为调控发酵制氢的工程措施之一.     

离子交换树脂对高浓度氨氮废水的吸附研究

采用D707、D708两种不同类型的离子交换树脂对高浓度氨氮废水进行吸附处理研究,分析了不同的吸附条件及等温吸附模型对吸附效果的影响.静态吸附实验表明:NH+4的吸附率随树脂投加量的增大而增加,在非碱性条件下树脂对NH+4的吸附率随p H的升高而增加;恒速振荡时间达到90 min以上时两种树脂可吸附平衡,当p H为7时,D707、D708树脂对NH+4的吸附容量分别达到196.1、217.4 mg·g-1;D707、D708树脂对NH+4的吸附属吸热过程,随温度的升高树脂对NH+4的吸附率逐渐增大,在298 K温度下D707、D708树脂吸附NH+4的表观吸附活化能Ea分别为54.67和34.46 k J·mol-1,吸附过程为液膜扩散主控制;树脂对NH+4吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式;使用2 mol·L-1H2SO4对树脂进行解吸,脱附率达到98%以上,重复实验3次吸附率基本不变.