海绵铁预处理DSD酸废水的研究

用铁泥废渣制备水处理材料海绵铁,研究含碳球团直接还原的金属化率与还原时间,温度和铁泥粒度之间的关系,得到含碳球团制备海绵铁的反应参数。并对海绵铁预处理DSD酸废水的各种影响因素进行了试验研究,确定最佳试验条件;通过试验对海绵铁处理DSD酸废水的机理进行了探讨,确定它是电化学作用、电场作用、絮凝沉淀以及物理吸附等共同作用的结果。试验表明,海绵铁可作为高浓度DSD废水的预处理材料。     

Emissions of SO2, NO and N2O in a circulating fluidized bed combustor during co-firing coal and biomass

This paper presents the experimental investigations of the emissions of SO2, NO and N2O in a bench scale circulating fluidized bed combustor for coal combustion and co-firing coal and biomass. The thermal capacity of the combustor is 30 kW. The setup is electrically heated during startup. The influence of the excess air, the degree of the air staging, the biomass share and the feeding position of the fuels on the emissions of SO2, NO and N2O were studied. The results showed that an increase in the biomass shares resulted in an increase of the CO concentration in the flue gas, probably due to the high volatile content of the biomass. In co-firing, the emission of SO2 increased with increasing biomass share slightly, however, non-linear increase relationship between SO2 emission and fuel sulfur content was observed. Air staging significantly decreased the NO emission without raising the SO2 level. Although the change of the fuel feeding position from riser to downer resulted in a decrease in the NO emission level, no obvious change was observed for the SO2 level. Taking the coal feeding position R as a reference, the relative NO emission could significantly decrease during co-firing coal and biomass when feeding fuel at position D and keeping the first stage stoichiometry greater than 0.95. The possible mechanisms of the sulfur and nitrogen chemistry at these conditions were discussed and the ways of simultaneous reduction of SO2, NO and N2O were proposed.     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定鱼内脏及河流底泥中的铜

采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定鱼内脏及河流底泥中的铜。鱼内脏经组织捣碎机捣成匀浆后，加硝酸消解；底泥则经氢氟酸和高氯酸消化。该方法具有灵敏度高，精密度和回收率较好等特点。     

新型活性污泥的培养及其处理高盐有机废水

在好氧反应器中,将海泥通过海水和营养物质培养成新型的活性污泥,在处理含盐废水时有较好的活性和沉降性能,对这种新型的活性污泥我们称其为海洋活性污泥。通过10周的培养,海泥的污泥体积指数（SVI）从最初的19 mL/g升高到70 mL/g,对有机废水处理12 h后高锰酸盐指数（CODMn）降解率达到90%,氨氮降解率达到45%。在污泥培养时,营养物质投加频率为一日一次最有利于污泥的培养,又葡萄糖比淀粉更有利于污泥的培养。对于含盐有机废水的处理,海洋活性污泥也比传统活性污泥有优势,甚至对于含盐量6%的高盐有机废水,处理12 h后能达到CODMn降解率达为70%,氨氮降解率达到30%。当NaCl浓度高于6%,海洋活性污泥仍具有一定的活性,但仍能观察到明显的抑制作用。此外,海洋活性污泥具有比传统活性污泥更强的盐度变化抗性,甚至在低盐度下盐浓度变化时,海洋活性污泥的氨氮降解稳定性也优于传统活性污泥。     

Trace metal emissions from co-combustion of refuse derived and packaging derived fuels in a circulating fluidized bed boiler

Energy recovery from refuse derived fuels (RDF) and packaging derived fuels (PDF) is one option in integrated waste management. Nine RDF and PDF co-combustion tests with peat and coal in a circulating fluidized bed boiler were carried out in this work. Heavy metal emissions in flue gas and fly ash were measured. Multivariate data analyses were used to find out the most important parameters affecting metal emissions in the flue gas.

The results showed that total heavy metal emissions were low. Although RDF and PDF had more heavy metals than peat and coal, the multivariate data analysis showed that an increase of the RDF or PDF share in the fuel mixture up to 20% did not correlate directly with the metal emissions in the flue gas. Distribution of Cd, Cu, Zn and Sn between flue gas and fly ash correlated with each other. Injection of limestone to bind sulphur and chlorine did not have a significant effect on heavy metal emissions in the flue gas. Heavy metals concentrated on the fly ash, but all fly ashes passed the EPA-TCLP tests.     

用碳化法从制碱废渣一次盐泥中制取轻质氧化镁的研究

本研究是用制碱废渣一次盐泥作原料，采用二氧化碳碳化法制取轻质氧化镁。同时分析了提取轻质氧化镁后的残渣用于制造水泥或其它胶凝材料的原料的可行性。     

An Experimental Study on the Treating River Sewage with New Bioreactor

A new bioreactor on the basis of a dynamic fluidized bed was designed, which combines advantages of the fluidized bed and a biological contactor. The experiments of start up, normal operation and parameter adjustment are carried out. The results show that the bioreactor can be quickly started up in the condition that the fill is 50%, the hydraulic retention time is 72 min, aerate speed is 2.5 m3/h, rotation-cage rotated speed is 1.5 r/min, and the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand （CODcr） and Ammonia nitrogen （NH3-N） are 75.34% and 80.98% respectively. The influence of the operation parameter on removal rates of the bioreactor is analyzed, and an appropriate operation parameter is provided.     

Fe-NaA分子筛膜的制备及催化湿式H2O2氧化甲基橙溶液

采用湿法造纸、二次生长和湿法浸渍法合成了一种新型微纤复合Fe-NaA分子筛膜催化剂,并将其用于催化湿式H_2O_2氧化甲基橙溶液.首先通过湿法造纸和烧结工艺制备纸状烧结不锈钢微纤(PSSF)载体,然后采用二次生长法在PSSF上合成NaA分子筛膜,最后以九水硝酸铁(Fe(NO_3)_3·9H_2O)和微纤复合NaA分子筛膜为原料,利用湿法浸渍法制备微纤复合Fe-NaA分子筛膜催化剂.考察了连续固定床反应器中温度、床层高度、进料液流量和甲基橙入口浓度对甲基橙降解性能的影响,并测定了催化剂重复使用3次后的稳定性.结果表明,随温度及床层高度增加,甲基橙转化率先增加然后趋于稳定;随进料液流量增加,甲基橙转化率均大于95%,但COD脱除率略有降低,当流量分别为2、3和4 mL·min~(-1),固定床连续运转5 h时COD脱除率分别为81.9%、76.4%和69.8%;随甲基橙入口浓度增加,其转化率变化幅度很小.在pH=2、催化剂床层高度2.0 cm、温度70℃、进料液流量4 mL·min~(-1)、甲基橙浓度50～200 mg·L~(-1)、固定床连续运转5 h的条件下,甲基橙转化率超过96%,COD转化率大于67%,铁浸出浓度低于4 mg·L~(-1).催化剂被重复使用3次后,甲基橙转化率基本保持不变.     

酸化赤泥吸附环丙沙星的特征、机理及过程优化

为提高赤泥的资源化利用及抗生素有机废水的深度处理,以酸化赤泥为吸附剂、环丙沙星为目标污染物,研究了酸化赤泥吸附环丙沙星的条件、特征和机理.采用响应面法中Box-Behnken设计方法,以吸附温度、溶液pH值、环丙沙星初始浓度、酸化赤泥投加量为自变量,吸附量为响应值建立4因素3水平优化模型,确定了最佳吸附条件,并对吸附过程的动力学模型、等温线模型、热力学特性及吸附机理进行了研究.结果表明,溶液pH值、环丙沙星初始浓度、酸化赤泥投加量为影响吸附量的显著因素.酸化赤泥吸附环丙沙星的最佳条件为：温度45℃、pH=3.04、环丙沙星初始浓度29.20mg/L,酸化赤泥投加量3.40g/L,预测最大吸附量为7.30mg/g.酸化赤泥吸附环丙沙星的过程遵循伪二级反应动力学模型及Langmuir-Freundilich吸附等温线模型,经过拟合最大吸附量分别为7.90和7.35mg/g.根据Van Tehoff公式计算吸附热力学状态函数ΔG⁰为-82.13~-94.37kJ/mol、ΔS⁰为0.61J/（mol·K）、ΔH⁰为100.25KJ/mol,吸附为自发进行的吸热反应.FTIR表明环丙沙星分子中-COO与酸化赤泥的Al-O键发生络合反应,C=O与Fe-O键发生微弱的静电或内球面键合作用.研究表明,酸化赤泥是一种极具潜力的廉价吸附剂,可用于处理抗生素污染废水.     

赤泥中水溶性氟化物的电渗析去除

为减少赤泥中的氟化物含量,采用自制电渗析装置,通过单因素实验对赤泥中的氟化物进行了电渗析去除研究,考查了电压梯度和液固比对电流以及悬浮液pH和电导率的影响,分析了电渗析技术去除赤泥中氟化物的效果。结果表明：电渗析初期,电流从最大值迅速减小;在同一电压梯度下,电流随着液固比的增大而减小;在电渗析过程中,悬浮液pH和电导率随时间的延长而减小;电渗析技术可有效去除赤泥中的水溶性氟,其去除量随着电压梯度的升高而增大,最高去除率可达77.22%;液固比增大减小了水溶性氟的去除量,在1.0和2.0 V·cm^–1 电压梯度下,较大的液固比有助于水溶性氟的去除。利用电渗析技术去除赤泥中氟化物时,应综合考虑电压梯度和液固比对去除量及去除率的不同影响,在保证去除效果的同时尽可能降低能耗。研究结果可为赤泥的进一步综合利用提供参考。