考虑非独立保护层影响的LOPA改进策略研究

针对LOPA在识别保护层方面的局限性,通过考虑非独立保护层的影响,将非独立保护层分为不满足有效性与不满足独立性2类进行分析,针对不同类型的非独立保护层分别应用引入削减系数以及与故障树分析（FTA）集成的方法对传统LOPA进行改进,并结合具体案例验证其适用性。研究结果表明:改进方法的计算结果较传统方法计算结果降低了1个数量级,避免了传统方法过于保守的评价结果;通过对传统方法的改进,克服了LOPA在识别保护层方面以及场景频率计算方面的局限性,有助于拓展其使用范围。     

餐饮垃圾提油中试实验的加热釜参数选择

为了选择适宜的水蒸气直喷加热餐饮垃圾预处理提油工艺的加热温度,通过中试规模提油实验,研究了加热釜不同加热温度（60~120℃）下的提油量,以及加热釜的热能利用率。结果表明,加热釜加热温度为90℃时,每吨湿餐饮垃圾,提油量为（33±1）kg粗油脂,提纯出的粗油脂含水率小于3%,油脂回收率约为62.7%,且此时可获得较大利润,加热釜热能利用率约63.9%~78.6%。该中试实验研究为餐饮垃圾湿热提油工艺的应用提供了理论数据支持。     

石灰湿式洗涤法脱硫的应用研究

本文介绍了石灰湿式洗涤法脱硫的改进思路 ,通过采用三级串联喷淋、低液气比和投加防垢剂等办法 ,成功解决了设备管道结垢问题。实践表明 ,该法具有工艺简单、投资省、操作简便、运行费用低、脱硫率高等特点。     

快速测定化学需氧量的改进

在水质CODcr快速测定中，由于取样量仅2．00mL，对含较多有机颗粒物的浑浊水样，其取样的均匀性、代表性较差，往往会带来很大误差。样品置于水浴超声器中作用5min是一种理想的改进措施。     

含醛废水脱水塔的改造

由于润滑油糠醛精制装置的脱水塔底排放废水中糠醛含量超标,对脱水塔进行了相关改造。从近一年的运行情况看,收到了较好的效果。装置内醛含量明显下降,操作稳定。取样分析表明,废水中糠醛含量大幅度下降,合格率达93.3%。改造前脱水塔塔顶压力为0.03 MPa,改造后塔顶压力为0MPa。脱水塔底排放的废水中醛含量下降了98%,汽提蒸汽量减少了50%,减少了环境污染,每年约获得2万元的经济效益。     

Recycling contaminated soil as alternative raw material in cement facilities: Life cycle assessment

Volcanic soil can be used to remove metals from wastewaters. Once used, it is disposed in landfills. The utilization of this material in the cement industry as an alternative raw material was evaluated using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. This possibility has been studied from an environmental point of view in a Chilean cement facility, representative of the current operation state of art, including both technical and economic analysis. Two scenarios were compared: Scenario 1, which corresponds to the existing cement production process, and Scenario 2, which represents cement production using spent volcanic soil. With the exception of the categories of carcinogens (C) and minerals (M), the comparative results are favourable to Scenario 2, specially regarding to the category of ecotoxicity (E), mainly due to the avoided landfilling emissions of the volcanic soil. When considering the damage assessment, damage to human health (HH), ecosystem quality (EQ) and resources (R) are lower in Scenario 2. In addition, sensitivity analyses were performed to study the influence of particular parameters (i.e., transport of spent volcanic soil, CO₂ emissions from the clinkerization process and heavy metals leaching from the spent volcanic soil) on the results of the assessment. The use of alternative raw materials (in this case, spent volcanic soil), which present the advantage to be wastes from other technical systems, appear to allow the development of cement production in a more sustainable way, slightly improving the economy of the process. The spent volcanic soil can be treated with zero cost for the wastewater treatment plant with savings of 0.23€ for each tonne of clinker production. Establishing a sound management way for the spent volcanic soil could foment its possible use as mineral adsorbent in industrial wastewater treatment facilities.     

库尔勒市绿地系统综合效益分析

城市绿地系统是城市中一种特殊的生态系统。随着社会的发展，城市绿地系统的生态效益、社会效益和经济效益，对于改善和恢复城市地区的生态环境质量，美化社会环境，进而促进整个城市经济发展，起着越来越重要的作用。以库尔勒市为例，阐述了城市绿地的生态、经济、社会效益，针对库尔勒市绿地建设提出了几点方案。     

土壤聚合物固定有毒金属废物的应用潜力探讨

土壤聚合物是一类有别于有机高分子聚合物的新型无机聚合物，其具有优异性能。本文从环境因素和经济效益的角度，并结合大量国外研究成果，对土壤聚合物应用于固化有毒废物的潜力进行探讨，并展望其在环境保护上的应用前景。     

室内空气监测中的存在问题及对策

阐述了在室内环境空气监测中关于监测标准的选择和室内空气监测要素的确定,分析了在执行过程标准中和规范监测市场中存在的问题,并就如何改进提出了建议,其目的是提高室内监测服务的质量,确保监测结果准确可靠。     

德昌旱地粮菜四熟种植模式的效益和能量分析

德昌县旱地粮菜四熟模式是一年生产一季玉米和三季蔬菜。该模式可充分利用安宁河中下游丰富的温光资源,一年内亩产粮食627.5kg,蔬菜总计11935kg,经济收入2430.4元。其光能利用率达3.864%,能量产投比2.15,是适合城郊区旱地种植的一种较好模式。进一步增施磷钾肥是本模式获得更多农产品、提高资源利用率、维持和培肥土壤的重要措施。