防灾工程投资效益函数与分析模式

根据防灾工程投资效益的含义及其特点，提出了防灾工程投资效益函数的概念，并分析了它们的性质。依据不同的决策准则，建立了相应的防灾工程投资效益分析模式。为防灾工程投资效益和投资决策分析提供了一种有益的工具。     

胜利油田的油泥沙现状及处理工艺探讨

采油生产中的油泥（沙）是胜利油田的重要污染源,对含油泥（沙）处理国际上主要采用加碱、注热水、离心分离的方法将油、沙分离。含油泥（沙）的处理在国内尚无成熟工艺。目前,主要应采用以下方法：原油浓度低的油泥（沙）和油污土壤,主要采用微生物降解的方法进行处理;对原油浓度高的油泥（沙）和油污土壤主要采用物理化学的方法进行处理。可以预测,开展油泥（沙）处理及回收利用可获得巨大的经济效益和环境效益。     

沱江内江段饮用水源的污染防治

通过加强对沱江内江段的水源污染进行防治,以及加快自来水厂制水工艺的改进,使集中式供水水质得到了明显改善,已取得较好的社会效益和环境效益     

USING CONTINGENT VALUATION AND BENEFIT TRANSFER TO EVALUATE WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT BENEFITS1

ABSTRACT: Many water systems in small cities and rural areas throughout the United States are facing water quality and supply problems. These problems are typically not the result of an unexpected event, but are the result of growth trends or decreasing water quality experienced over several years. This analysis uses the contingent valuation and benefit transfer methods to evaluate the willingness to pay for a rural water system in northcentral Montana. Both of the procedures resulted in similar values, ranging from about $4.05 to $7.50 per household per month for urban residents and $5.40 to $11.50 per household per month for rural residents, which is equal to 11 percent to 23 percent of current average water costs. The willingness to pay estimates do not include non-household water users. This analysis shows that useful planning information can be obtained from relatively inexpensive contingent valuation mail survey data and the benefit transfer method as long as the limitations of the data are understood. The willingness to pay for ensuring good quality rural water supplies in the future is likely to be low compared to the costs of extensive diversion and treatment systems. Willingness to pay estimates provide decision makers with information that can be used to avoid building a large water supply system that water users do not want to connect to because of high costs.     

COMPUTATIONAL IMPROVEMENT FOR STOCHASTIC DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING MODELS OF URBAN WATER SUPPLY RESERVOIRS1

ABSTRACT: This paper describes two methods that are introduced to improve the computational effort of stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) as applicable to the operation of multiple urban water supply reservoir systems. The stochastic nature of streamflow is incorporated explicitly by considering it in the form of a multivariate probability distribution. The computationally efficient Gaussian Legendre quadrature method is employed to compute the conditional probabilities of streamflow, which accounts for the serial correlation of streamflow into each storage and the cross correlation between the streamflow into various storages. A realistic assumption of cross correlation of streamflow is introduced to eliminate the need to consider the streamflow combinations which are unlikely to occur in the SDP formulation. A “corridor” approach is devised to eliminate the need to consider the infeasible and/or inferior storage volume combinations in the preceding stage in computing the objective function in the recursive relation. These methods are verified in terms of computational efficiency and accuracy by using a hypothetical example of three interconnected urban water supply reservoirs. Therefore, it can be concluded that these methods allow SDP to be more attractive for deriving optimal operating rules for multiple urban water supply reservoir systems.     

小城镇废品回收利用的制约因素分析——关于黑龙江省密山市裴德镇的调查

目前小城镇日常生活中可回收利用的废品主要是通过废品回收部门流向废品再利用工厂.废品回收部门主要依赖于废品再利用工厂生存.规模较大的个人废品收购商对专业化废品收购商的冲击以及废品再利用工厂的收购价格低、技术水平低、有限的收购种类和二次污染严重等已成为废品向资源化产品转化的制约因素.完善废品回收利用渠道和加强政府的支持力度对于促进废品类物质的资源化具有重要意义.     

印染废水改良治理技术在工程中的应用

工程实例技术分析表明，由传统技术改良的“半推活性污泥技术”及“总程平衡技术”，具有经济、有效和工程性能好的特点。     

武钢一炼钢厂平改转拆除工程安全技术管理

通过采用事前、事中、事后控制的方法,对平改转拆除工程实施了全方位的严格管理,不仅全面实现了管理目标,而且带来了良好的社会效益和可观的经济效益。     

浅议新疆环境污染治理的经济机制

阐述了环境污染产生的经济原团，说明了“外部不经济性”是产生环境问题的重要经济根源，指出新疆现行的环境污染治理中所采用经济手段的不足，提出了进一步完善环境保护经济机制的措施建议。     

中外环境行政诉讼原告资格比较研究

环境行政诉讼制度作为我国行政诉讼制度的重要组成部分,近年来对推动我国环境法制建设,促进环保领域依法行政发挥了十分重要的作用。本文分析了我国和西方环保先进国家在环境行政诉讼原告资格方面的立法现状,并进行比较研究,指出应借鉴了国外的相关立法及实践经验,以完善我国环境行政诉讼法律制度。