三峡库区城市富营养化河流凋落物的混合分解效应

以三峡库区重庆市主城段清水溪为典型的城市富营养化河流代表,选取河岸带3种常见凋落叶为分解对象,设计了7种凋落物组合（3个单种和4个混合物种）和3种孔径的分解袋（50μm、250μm和2mm）,开展原位实验,探讨混合凋落物的性状、功能多样性与底栖分解者类群及其交互作用对叶片质量损失和混合效应的影响.结果表明,仅有50%的处理表现为显著非加和效应（且均为负值）,这与凋落物的性状密切相关.随着混合凋落物功能离散度的增加,尤其组合中含高木质素等难分解物质的凋落物时,分解变慢.微生物在富营养化河流混合凋落物的分解中占主导作用,小型和大型底栖动物均抑制了混合凋落物的分解过程.在富营养化河流的修复过程中,需重视河流凋落物分解功能,注重调整河岸带植物的配置,以及提升底栖动物的生物多样性并恢复底栖动物在凋落物分解中的正面效应.     

拉林河流域底栖硅藻群落结构特征及水生态健康评价

随着农业活动的发展,对水域生态系统评估成为受农业活动影响区域水环境管理的有效手段.以我国东北典型水稻种植区拉林河流域为研究区域,调查分析了全流域范围河流内23个样点的底栖硅藻群落结构和水环境理化特征,基于优势种和理化指标的冗余分析（RDA）揭示了底栖硅藻群落生态分布特征并对关键影响因子进行识别.在此基础上应用底栖硅藻生物完整性指数（D-IBI）对拉林河流域水生态系统健康状况进行评价,并分析了底栖硅藻在农业活动区和非农业活动区下的群落结构及不同土地利用类型下的D-IBI.研究结果表明,拉林河流域底栖硅藻群落结构具有明显的空间差异性;D-IBI评价结果显示,拉林河流域水体整体健康状况为一般,农业活动会影响河流生态健康状况.其中,拉林河上游为健康,中游区域为较好至一般,下游区域轻度污染至重度污染.D-IBI和多数环境因子及IBI核心指标有显著或极显著的相关关系,能较好地反映研究区域环境信息,并适用于受农业活动干扰的拉林河流域生态健康评价.     

北方深水河流岸边带底栖动物采集方法比较研究

深水河流底栖动物的采集比较复杂,采集结果与客观实际往往存在较大的差异,通过2012年-2015年对黑龙江、松花江和乌苏里江等11个断面15个点位的调查、监测,取得81组有效数据,利用统计学方法总结、研究,发现同一采样点不同方法之间的物种数、群落组成和评价结果均存在显著的差异,建议深水河流在应用底栖动物开展水生态评价时,应结合采样点的实际情况,尽量采用多种方法进行底栖动物的采集,合并统计的数据更能准确的代表采集点位的客观情况,是客观、准确评价水生态环境状况的前提.     

海洋污损硅藻附着强度的定量测定

以海洋底栖硅藻新月菱形藻MMDL533作为模型污损物种,利用显微镜-图像分析软件、平行平板流动装置测定了其在羟基化玻璃表面及改性玻璃上的附着性质。研究表明,环境温度为20℃时,新月菱形藻MMDL533在羟基化玻璃表面的附着量最大,在1 h的接触时间后达到87±9/mm2;同时,其附着量随着接触时间延长而变大,并在3 h后达到一个较为稳定的值(110±15/mm2左右);当用水流冲刷后细胞的移除率来表征细胞在特定表面的附着强度时,新月菱形藻MMDL533的附着强度随着表面接触角逐渐增大,并在80°左右达到最大值,然后呈下降趋势。     

Responses of benthic insect communities to effluent from the abandoned Ferris-Haggarty copper mine in southeast Wyoming, USA

This study provided information about the benthic insect communities that are present in the impacted reaches of Haggarty Creek.     

近年渤海与黄海北部沿岸底栖贝类体内微污染物的分布特征

根据近几年的海洋常规监测数据,确定渤海及黄海北部沿岸底柄贝类体内典型微污染物的含量及其空间分布.结果表明,在36%以上的站点中,贝类体内石油烃含量超过国家海洋生物质量第1类标准(15μg/g,湿重,下同),尤其是大连湾和河北新村附近海域贝类体内含量甚至高出第Ⅲ类标准(80μg/g,以湿重计),并且,近年来大部分海域贻贝...     

Freshwater Mussel Population Status and Habitat Quality in the Clinch River,Virginia and Tennessee,USA: A Featured Collection

The Clinch River of southwestern Virginia and northeastern Tennessee is arguably the most important river for freshwater mussel conservation in the United States. This featured collection presents investigations of mussel population status and habitat quality in the Clinch River. Analyses of historic water‐ and sediment‐quality data suggest that water column ammonia and water column and sediment metals, including Cu and Zn, may have contributed historically to declining densities and extirpations of mussels in the river's Virginia sections. These studies also reveal increasing temporal trends for dissolved solids concentrations throughout much of the river's extent. Current mussel abundance patterns do not correspond spatially with physical habitat quality, but they do correspond with specific conductance, dissolved major ions, and water column metals, suggesting these and/or associated constituents as factors contributing to mussel declines. Mussels are sensitive to metals. Native mussels and hatchery‐raised mussels held in cages in situ accumulated metals in their body tissues in river sections where mussels are declining. Organic compound and bed‐sediment contaminant analyses did not reveal spatial correspondences with mussel status metrics, although potentially toxic levels were found. Collectively, these studies identify major ions and metals as water‐ and sediment‐quality concerns for mussel conservation in the Clinch River.     

Tenax萃取技术用于养殖底泥中有机氯农药的生物有效性研究

本研究以经济底栖生物菲律宾蛤仔和河蚬为受试生物,分别对不同浓度梯度的海洋和淡水底泥中9种代表性有机氯农药(OCPs)进行累积实验;同时采用Tenax连续萃取法研究2类底泥中OCPs的脱附动力学,提供简单、快速评价养殖底泥中OCPs生物有效性的方法,并将Tenax萃取结果与2种底栖生物的累积结果进行比较。结果表明,菲律宾蛤仔和河蚬对OCPs的生物-底泥富集因子(BSAF)分别为0.31~1.89和0.12~2.12,且底泥中有机碳标化的OCPs浓度与生物体内脂肪标化的OCPs浓度之间的相关性较差。Tenax脱附动力学的结果表明,2类底泥中OCPs的快速脱附比例(F_(rap))均在50%左右,其快速、慢速和极慢速脱附速率常数数量级分别为10~(~(-1))、10~(-2)和10~(-4)。Tenax快速脱附组分与2种底栖生物累积结果之间具有良好的相关性(r~2=0.75,P0.0001),表明Tenax萃取技术可以预测OCPs在底栖生物体内的累积量,并且该方法克服了大型底栖生物累积实验结果重复性较差等缺点。另外通过与基于热力学平衡的方法对比发现,Tenax萃取技术更适用于滤食性或可消化底泥的底栖生物对底泥污染物的富集;同时Tenax 6 h和24 h单点萃取技术可以作为简单快速评价底泥疏水性有机污染物(HOCs)生物有效性的替代方法,进一步为养殖领域的底泥污染状况以及相关水产品的质量安全和食用风险提供生物有效性评价依据。     

An integrated investigation of biomarkers’ response in crabs (Liocarcinus depurator) and benthic indices at a metalliferous waste discharge area in North Evoikos gulf,Greece

This study applied biomarkers and benthic indices at an area in North Evoikos Gulf, Greece, affected by metalliferous slag disposal. Biomarkers of antioxidant defense (catalase, glutathione S-transferase), and neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase) were measured in crabs Liocarcinus depurator. Iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) concentrations in sediments and crabs were also measured. High levels of all metals were found in sediments at the disposal area. Metal levels in the crabs were also higher in the disposal area although spatial differences were not as marked as in the sediments. Accordingly, biomarker responses of crabs in the disposal area were also noted suggesting impact on the antioxidant defense of the organisms against oxidative stress. Benthic indices showed disturbance in the disposal area. The combined approach of measuring biomarkers and contaminant levels in the crabs and sediment was complementary to the benthic indices approach providing indications of metal exposure related effects. Our results support the idea that a twofold monitoring approach of assessing both the benthic community structure shifts and the biomarkers and metal accumulation levels may integrate and capture both the structural and the toxicological effects of dumping onto the benthic communities.     

应用B-IBI和UAV遥感技术评价辽河上游生态健康

采用B-IBI(benthic index of biotic integrity,底栖动物完整性指数)结合UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle,无人机)遥感技术,对辽河保护区干流上游河流生态系统健康进行评价. 根据16个采样点的UAV遥感正射影像、水质参数、水体理化指标和土地利用类型等信息,从中筛选出4个采样点作为参照点,其余为受损点;通过分布范围、判别能力和相关性分析,从32个候选生物指标中筛选出6个核心指标,包括总分类单元数、摇蚊分类单元数、寡毛类分类单元数、敏感类群、前3位优势分类单元和均匀度指数. B-IBI评价结果显示,辽河干流上游处于健康(B-IBI>3.90)的河段占0.82%,亚健康(2.93相似文献