强化接触氧化法处理高盐废水

废水中盐分含量过高,会给生物处理带来一定的难度。因为盐析作用可致使微生物的脱氢酶活性降低,同时水的渗透压也会升高,使微生物细胞脱水引起细胞原生质分离,从而导致微生物细胞破裂而死亡。传统的一些生物方法对此类废水的COD的去除率低。本试验使用两株嗜盐菌在接触氧化反应器中通过连续操作对含盐废水进行处理,研究了盐度,COD负荷,溶氧对COD去除率的影响关系。在废水盐度为35g/L,进水COD为4500mg/L,COD容积负荷为3.5kgCOD(/m·3d)时,COD去除率达到90%左右,取得较好的去除效果。     

大亚湾海洋生物体中的砷

为也了解大亚湾海洋生物体Ａｓ含量的背景水平，１９９３年大亚湾１５个测站采集了海洋样品，对其Ａｓ含量进行了测定和评价。鱼类，甲索类，头足类和贝类Ａｓ含量的平均值分别为０．４５×１０＾－６，４．７０×１０＾－６，２．２８×１０＾－６和５．５７×１０＾－６，表现出明显的种类间差异。     

水环境质量评价标准探讨

水环境质量评价指标是开展评价工作的依据，本文针对地表水体质量标准、底泥质量标准和水生生物质量标准及共统一结合问题进行了探讨，为全面开展水环境质量评价提供更科学的决策依据。     

皱纹盘鲍筏式养殖中的污损生物及其防治

对我国北方海域皱纹盘鲍筏式养殖中出现的主要污损生物及其危害做了详尽的记述。介绍了从物理、化学和生物方面出发所采取的防治措施。指出运用不同种类混养等生物技术是兼顾防附着效果与保护生态环境的最佳方式。     

产甲烷菌的生理生化特性

目前已经分离鉴定的产甲烷菌已有200多种,Fe、Co、Ni、Mo、Se,维生素B2,维生素B12等微量元素对其活性有促进作用;然而,无机毒性物质(重金属离子、Na+、K+、pH、氧化还原电位等)、有机毒性物质(硝化物、抗生素、氰化物和氯仿、芳香族化合物等)、氨氮,氮氧化物等对产甲烷菌活性有抑制作用。已建立了产甲烷微生物利用H2/CO2、甲醇和醋酸为基质的产甲烷生化代谢模型,产甲烷菌含有氢化酶、辅酶F420、辅酶M、甲基呋喃、四氢甲基喋呤等独特的酶。     

溪流底栖动物定量与半定量采样法比较研究

溪流底栖动物定量和半定量采样法在个体数、物种数、物种相似性及生物指数方面的比较研究表明:(1)急流生境中,半定量样(踢网)的个体和物种数高于定量样(索伯网);静水-缓流生境中,半定量样(D形网)的个体和物种数一般高于定量样,且物种数有显著差异(z=-2.032,P<0.05).(2)同一样点半定量样(踢网加D形网)与定量样之间的物种相似性(平均为0.68)高于急流生境(0.56)和静水-缓流生境(0.45).(3)同一样点半定量样和定量样单独计算的生物指数值之间无显著差异.建议在应用溪流底栖动物开展水质生物评价时,可用半定量采样法完成野外采样.图4表1参8     

水质评价和监测的生物学方法进展

从生物群落结构和功能的角度，阐述了生物监测和评价研究的现状；目前利用水生生物进行水质评价和监测的一些主要研究方法及发展趋势。     

重庆地区酸化水体中几种元素形态特征初探

研究了碳、氮、硒和铝在酸化水体中的形态特征。被研究的典型酸化水体中４种元素的最主要的形态分别为ＤＯＣ、Ｓｅ（ＩＶ）和。分析了这些元素的形态与水体中３９种测定参数之间的相关性；探讨了几种主要形态与浮游植物、浮游动物和底栖动物的关系。     

Variability in the identification and enumeration of marine benthic invertebrate samples and its effect on benthic assessment measures

Studies designed to measure anthropogenic impacts on marine benthic communities depend on the ability of taxonomists to consistently discriminate, identify, and count benthic organisms. To quantify errors and discrepancies in identification and enumeration, 20 samples were completely reprocessed by another one of four participating laboratories. Errors were detected in 13.0% of the data records, affecting total abundance by 2.1%, numbers of taxa by 3.4%, and identification accuracy by 4.7%. Paired t-tests were used to test for differences in the Benthic Response Index (BRI), total abundance, numbers of taxa, and the Shannon-Wiener index between the original and the reanalysis data. Differences in the BRI were statistically insignificant. Although statistically significant differences were observed for numbers of taxa, total abundance, and the Shannon-Wiener index, the differences were small in comparison to the magnitude of differences typically observed between anthropogenically affected and reference sites.     

Spatial scales and probability based sampling in determining levels of benthic community degradation in the Chesapeake Bay

The extent of degradation of benthic communities of the Chesapeake Bay was determined by applying a previously developed benthic index of biotic integrity at three spatial scales. Allocation of sampling was probability-based allowing areal estimates of degradation with known confidence intervals. The three spatial scales were: (1) the tidal Chesapeake Bay; (2) the Elizabeth River watershed; and (3) two small tidal creeks within the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River that are part of a sediment contaminant remediation effort. The areas covered varied from 10^–1 to 10⁴ km² and all were sampled in 1999. The Chesapeake Bay was divided into ten strata, the Elizabeth River into five strata and each of the two tidal creeks was a single stratum. The determination of the number and size of strata was based upon consideration of both managerially useful units for restoration and limitations of funding. Within each stratum 25 random locations were sampled for benthic community condition. In 1999 the percent of the benthos with poor benthic community condition for the entire Chesapeake Bay was 47% and varied from 20% at the mouth of the Bay to 72% in the Potomac River. The estimated area of benthos with poor benthic community condition for the Elizabeth River was 64% and varied from 52–92%. Both small tidal creeks had estimates of 76% of poor benthic community condition. These kinds of estimates allow environmental managers to better direct restoration efforts and evaluate progress towards restoration. Patterns of benthic community condition at smaller spatial scales may not be correctly inferred from larger spatial scales. Comparisons of patterns in benthic community condition across spatial scales, and between combinations of strata, must be cautiously interpreted.