Size-Dependent Selective Leaf Damage by Insects and Some Methodological Implications of This Phenomenon

The area of leaves on birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa) auxiblasts and brachyblasts and the degree of their damage by the complex of leaf-gnawing and leaf-mining insects were studied in a light birch forest. The results showed that phyllophagous insects, primarily snout beetles, prefer young leaves on the apexes of auxiblasts. Thus, selective damage is inflicted on smaller leaves, both on the auxiblasts and in the entire sample. This phenomenon is widespread and may manifest itself in different ways, depending on the pattern of leaf area distribution along the extended shoot and the feeding preferences of the insects. Thus, it is necessary to reconsider research methods and approaches based on the assumption that insects damage leaves nonselectively, irrespective of their size.     

用改性活性碳纤维去除CO2原料气中的H2S

采用固定床动态吸附实验，用改性活性碳纤维（ACF）吸附去除CO2原料气中的H2S。通过改变改性剂种类、反应温度和原料气中CO2浓度，找出用改性ACF去除CO2原料气中H2S的规律。实验结果表明：常温下，可用NaON改性的ACF来消除CO2的酸性对去除H2S的不利影响；随着反应温度的升高，CO2与ACF形成的C（O＊）中间产物增多，CO2的存在有利于改性ACF去除H2S；而当反应温度过高时，CO2与ACF形成的C（O＊）中间产物发生分解，导致ACF碳化，不利于H2S的吸附去除。     

齿轮轴修复安全性探讨

对催化装置四机组运行状态进行分析,介绍了齿轮箱高速轴及轴瓦损坏的情况,并分析说明了引起损坏的原因。结合生产实际确定合理的齿轮轴修复工艺方案,即采用激光融敷表面修复高新技术,迅速可靠地对齿轮轴进行修复,保证了设备运行的可靠性,从而实现安全生产、节能降耗、效益增长。     

改性木屑吸附剂对印染废水的脱色性能研究

本文介绍了以廉价易得的杨树木屑为原料，经环氧氯丙烷交联，制备的一种新的生物吸附剂，研究各种反应因素（氢氧化钠浓度、环氧氯丙烷用量、反应温度、木屑粒径等）对反应过程和吸附剂性能的影响，检验了其对品红及孔雀石绿在不同条件下的吸附性能，并探讨了它的吸附动力学曲线和再生性能。     

改性活性炭纤维吸附炸药废水中TNT实验研究

本文研究了改性活性炭纤维对炸药废水中TNT的吸附行为。研究表明:1 mol/L HNO3改性的活性炭纤维吸附效果最好,其对炸药废水中TNT的最佳吸附条件为:吸附剂用量为0.6 g/25 m L,吸附平衡时间为60 min,升温有利于吸附进行。Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温线均能较好地描述活性炭纤维对TNT的吸附,吸附动力学分析表明,吸附过程遵循准二级动力学规律。     

内排压脚与边坡稳定性的关系

为了研究边坡角及边坡形状与边坡稳定性的关系,采用有限元软件ANSYS模拟了不同边坡角对应的稳定系数,以及不同平盘宽度和压脚高度所形成的等储备强度边坡的稳定系数。模拟中假设材料符合相关联的理想弹塑性本构关系,强度准则符合Drucker-Prager准则,用计算收敛性作为边坡稳定性的准则,用强度折减法得出边坡的稳定系数。为了形成等储备强度边坡,由下到上分步骤进行压脚。先在平面边坡最下台阶压脚,这样提高了边坡稳定系数,在边坡进入临界状态时,最下两台阶的塑性状态相同,则压脚停止;再在最下两台阶同时压脚,在边坡进入临界状态时,最下3个台阶的塑性状态相同,则压脚停止;以此类推,在最下边n个台阶同时压脚,在边坡进入临界状态时,压到与第n+1个台阶的塑性状态相同为止。结果表明,边坡总是从坡脚开始形成塑性区,在重力加载过程中,塑性区以弧形条带向坡顶扩展,形成滑带。最有效的内排压脚是从最下台阶开始形成等储备强度边坡的压脚。     

石墨烯材料去除重金属及放射性核素的研究

石墨烯及其改性材料具有比表面积大、吸附能力强、抗辐射性能好、耐高温、耐酸碱等优点,近年来在去除重金属和放射性核素领域得到了广泛关注.本文简要介绍了石墨烯的合成及改性方法,综述了石墨烯材料去除水中重金属离子和放射性核素的研究进展,包括吸附容量、影响因素、吸附动力学、吸附热力学模型和吸附机理,分析了该研究领域目前存在的问题,探讨了今后的研究方向.     

有机阳离子型电荷杀菌材料研究现状及展望

细菌等致病微生物可通过空气、水、土壤、食物等途径在自然界中传播,易对人体造成诸如肺结核、淋病、鼠疫等健康风险。目前广泛使用的灭菌方式包括紫外线、臭氧、氯气、电荷等物理或化学方法,其中电荷杀菌因具有无组织毒性的优点被广泛使用。研究表明：有机阳离子型电荷杀菌材料相比传统的金属离子杀菌材料具有抗菌效能优异、不产生耐药性、生物安全性高等优点,其杀菌性能受分子大小、烷基链、反离子类型、电荷密度等因素影响。本文系统综述了目前有机阳离子型电荷杀菌材料的类型、结构特征、杀菌性能及影响因素,抗菌机理及应用现状,分析了其存在的问题和发展方向,为有机阳离子型电荷杀菌材料的后续研究和应用提供一定的借鉴和指导。     

钠化改性河南南部膨润土吸附亚甲基蓝性能分析

以河南南部天然钙基膨润土为原料,通过钠化改性得到了钠基膨润土.通过调控吸附剂用量、亚甲基蓝（MB）浓度、吸附时间、溶液pH值和温度,分析对比了天然钙基膨润土（PRT-1）、钙基提纯膨润土（PRT-1T）和钠基膨润土（PRT-1Na）对MB的去除效率.同时,对PRT-1T和PRT-1Na对MB的吸附动力学和吸附机制进行了研究.结果表明,由于PRT-1Na有更大的比表面积、更高的阳离子交换容量和更丰富的羟基结构,表现出对MB更好的吸附效果.在同等吸附条件下,PRT-1Na的吸附效果是PRT-1的4倍,PRT-1T是PRT-1的2倍.在20℃,pH为6,PRT-1Na用量为1.0 g,吸附时间为2 h,MB为500 mL,且初始浓度为500 mg·L^-1时,MB去除率高达99.89%.另外,PRT-1Na对MB染料废水的吸附既存在物理吸附也有化学吸附,Elovich模型对PRT-1T和PRT-1Na吸附MB染料废水的过程拟合度均高,但伪一级动力学模型对PRT-1Na拟合效果最好.     

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols from coking wastewater by simultaneously synthesized organobentonite in a one-step process

The optimal condition for a one-step process removing organic compounds from coking wastewater by simultaneously synthesized organobentonite as a pretreatment was investigated. Results showed that sorption of organic compounds by organobentonite was positively correlated to the cation surfactant exchange on the bentonite and the octanol-water partition coefficient (K_ow) of the solutes. With 0.75 g/L bentonite and 180 mg/L (60% of bentonite cation exchange capacity) cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, the removal efficiencies of the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) specified by the US Environmental Protection Agency in coking wastewater except naphthalene were more than 90%, and that of benzo(a)pyrene was 99.5%. At the same time, the removal efficiencies of COD_Cr, NH₃-N, volatile phenols, colour and turbidity were 28.6%, 13.2%, 8.9%, 55% and 84.3%, respectively, and the ratio of BOD₅/COD_Cr increased from 0.31 to 0.41. These results indicated that the one-step process had high removal efficiency for toxic and refractory hydrophobic organic compounds, and could improve the biodegradability of the coking wastewater. Therefore it could be a promising technology for the pretreatment of toxic and refractory organic wastewater.